Acids and Bases Thursday, March 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases Thursday, March 3

(and other reactive metals) Acids Versus Bases Acid Base (Alkali) Conductivity Litmus Paper Phenolphthalein pH Magnesium (and other reactive metals) Good conductor Good conductor Blue litmus red Red litmus blue Turns clear Turns pink < 7 > 7 Reacts to form hydrogen gas + salt No reaction

Acids Versus Bases Acid Base (Alkali) Feel Taste Formula Wet (no characteristic feel) Slippery Sour Bitter Usually begins with hydrogen HCl –hydrochloric acid H2SO4 – sulfuric acid CH3COOH – acetic acid Most bases contain the hydroxide ion (OH-) NaOH – sodium hydroxide NH3 – ammonia CO32- - carbonate HCO31- - bicarbonate

Acids Versus Bases Acid Base (Alkali) Def’n HCl(aq)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Acids are substances that DONATE H+ ions in aqueous solution. Eg. HCl(aq)  H+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Bases are substances that give DONATE OH- ions in aqueous solution. NaOH(aq)  Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

The pH scale is logarithmic which means: a pH of 1 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 2.

The pH Scale Acid Neutral Base # of H+ ions pH Many Moderate Few Low pH (from 1 to < 7 ) High pH ( > 7) 7 The higher the pH, the stronger the base The lower the pH, the stronger the acid

Acid + Base  Salt + Water 6. Neutralization What? Acid and a base mix to form a salt and water Acid + Base  Salt + Water produces H+ ions produces OH- ions Lots of types General Formula: HxA + B(OH)y  AB + H2O

Homework Read pp. 293-295 Read pp. 296-299 P. 295 (Q # 2, 3, 4)

Neutralization Examples: hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  sodium chloride + water HCl + NaOH  NaCl + H2O nitric acid (pg 198) + calcium hydroxide  calcium nitrate + water 2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2  Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O