1. More Reactions in Aqueous Solution: Acids and Bases
Applied Physics and Chemistry Aqueous Lecture 3

2. Acids Acid: From the Latin acidus, meaning sour
General characteristics:
Sour taste
Turn blue litmus red
React with bases to produce water and a salt

3. Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) Definition of Arrhenius acid:
Swedish physicist
Worked on electrolytes
Proposed definition of acids and bases
Nobel prize in 1903 for study of solution conductivity
Definition of Arrhenius acid:
Acid is a substance that produces H+ ions when it is dissolved in water
Strong acids: HCl, HNO3, H2SO4

4. Bases Base: Sometimes called alkalis General characteristics:
Hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals
General characteristics:
Bitter taste
Slippery feel
Turns red litmus blue

5. Arrhenius Definition of Arrhenius base:
Base is a substance that produces OH- ions when dissolved in water
Strong bases: NaOH, KOH

6. Acid-Base Reactions
When strong acids and strong bases are mixed, the H+ and OH- form a compound
The other thing formed is called a salt
Salt: ionic compound formed by reaction of acid and base
Example:
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  ?
NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)  Na+(aq) + Cl- (aq) + H2O (l)

7. Another Example!
Nitric acid, a strong acid, reacts with potassium hydroxide
Hydrochloric acid reacts with rubidium hydroxide
Sulfuric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide