EUSO BALLOON phase A review CNES, Mechanical design of the instrument approach for integration and tests Peter von Ballmoos, IRAP Toulouse

EUSO BALLOON instrument overview data processing Photo detection optical system

Functional Block Diagram of EUSO-Balloon Instrument

The birth of stratospheric ballooning and astroparticle physics 1912 The discovery of Cosmic Rays Victor Hess measures increasing radiation levels aboard a balloon gondola at up to ~ 5000 m Scientific Ballooning and Space Science celebrate a centennial common history !

Recent Cosmic-Ray & Particle Physics Instruments ATIC HEAT CAPRICE MASS TRACER CREAM TIGER

1 part/m 2 /year 1 part/m 2 /s Auger 200 km/h 50 g ≈10 26 nucleons Le spectre des Rayons Cosmiques 1 part/km 2 /century!

EUSO-BALLOON is a pathfinder mission for the Extreme Universe Space Observatory on-board the Japanese Experiment Module mission, and any future mission dedicated to observing Ultra-High Energy Cosmic-Rays from space

precursor balloon instruments 1998 Milo 2001 Milo 2002 Milo transmed moonless ! upward UV flux [photons m −2 sr −1 ns −1 ] sea < BaBy/Nightglow (?) land ~ ± 41 BaBy (It) 2000 Palestine 2001 ASP 1 h 2003 ASP ULDB … (…1 day, full moon) Nigthglow (US) 2005 Sanriku pacific, clouds, then moon - (Japan) flights single PM counts - NO TRIGGER / SIGNATURES

objectives for EUSO BALLOON Full scale end-to-end test JEM-EUSO' s key technologies and instrumentation A-level (technology demonstrator): - the entire PDM, its PMT's, ASIC's, FEE, Trigger, HV power supplies, HV switches - onboard hard- and software algorithms for triggering and recognition airshowers B-level (cosmic ray acquisition and background study) - experimental confirmation of the effective background below 40 km - acquisition of 2.5  s frames, ground-pixels representative for JEM-EUSO - test and adjust trigger and switching algorithms, observational modes - testing of the acquisition capability of the IR camera (TBC) C-level (precursor mission) : - 1 st detection of air-showers by looking down from the edge of space - detection of laser induced events from space … "fringe benefits" of EUSO-BALLOON - balloon triggers decisive steps in TRL levels in subsystems crucial for JEM-EUSO

Mission requirements on A-level (technology demonstrator) [MRA1] payload is representative of the JEM-EUSO acquisition module and optics - Photodetector module + Data Processing Components - 3 Fresnel lenses - HV (switch) systems must be able to work at float, this is at 3 mbar [MRA2] flight data recording at float level over land for - 3 h (TBC) during moonless part of the night - 3 h (TBC) during a moonlit phase (< 25 (TBC) % full). absolute minimum : 2 hour (TBC) during the night with a <25% (TBC) full moon. [MRA3] flight data at float level include background enhancements due to city lights etc…

objectives for EUSO BALLOON Full scale end-to-end test JEM-EUSO' s key technologies and instrumentation A-level (technology demonstrator): - the entire PDM, its ASIC's, the FEE, Trigger, HV power supplies, HV switches - onboard hard- and software algorithms for triggering and recognition airshowers B-level (cosmic ray acquisition and background study) - experimental confirmation of the effective background below 40 km - acquisition of 2.5  s frames, ground-pixels representative for JEM-EUSO - test and adjust trigger and switching algorithms, observational modes - testing of the acquisition capability of the IR camera (TBC) C-level (precursor mission) : - 1 st detection of air-showers by looking down from the edge of space - detection of laser induced events from space … "fringe benefits" of EUSO-BALLOON - balloon triggers decisive steps in TRL levels in subsystems crucial for JEM-EUSO

Mission requirements on B-level (real data and background) experimentally confirm the effective background below 40 km acquisition of JEM-EUSO type data, adjust the trigger algorithms with real data simulate "groundspeeds" comparable to the ~ 7 km/s of the ISS [MRB1] 2 nd flight : fill in the B-level requirements not yet fulfilled in first flight 1 st priority : over ocean / moonless (SRB1a) 2 nd priority : over ocean / moon (SRB1b) 3 rd priority : over land / moonless (SRB1c) 4 th priority : over land, moon (SRB1d) launch date shall allow to observe at least 2h (TBD) at a float level of 3 mbar. [MRB2] Testing the operation of a prototype Infrared Camera on the EUSO-Balloon gondola

THE HV switches in JEM-EUSO & EUSO BALLOON ~ 430 km 40 km ~ 7 km/s < 0.1 km/s

the task of the high voltage switches … ~ 7 km/s JEM-EUSO FOV

the task of the high voltage switches … ~ 7 km/s EUSO BALLON FOV

Number and date of required balloon flights [SRD] A first flight (level A) should take place no later than summer 2013 to be of direct use for JEM-EUSO. [SRE] further flights are needed at > 3 months interval until all level B reqs are fulfilled science flights (level C) may take place in 2014 and later, as they present an important goal in their own right - beyond JEM-EUSO. Operational requirements [MRF] downlink rate : 1.3 Mbits/sec (TBC - SIREN / NOSYCA compatible) [MRG] uplink rate : < 50 kb/s (TBC - SIREN / NOSYCA compatible) Mission Planning and Operational Requirements

objectives for EUSO BALLOON Full scale end-to-end test JEM-EUSO' s key technologies and instrumentation A-level (technology demonstrator): - the entire PDM, its ASIC's, the FEE, Trigger, HV power supplies, HV switches - onboard hard- and software algorithms for triggering and recognition airshowers B-level (cosmic ray acquisition and background study) - experimental confirmation of the effective background below 40 km - acquisition of 2.5  s frames, ground-pixels representative for JEM-EUSO - test and adjust trigger and switching algorithms, observational modes - testing of the acquisition capability of the IR camera (TBC) C-level (precursor mission) : - 1 st detection of air-showers by looking down from the edge of space - detection of laser induced events from space … "fringe benefits" of EUSO-BALLOON - balloon triggers decisive steps in TRL levels in subsystems crucial for JEM-EUSO

Mission requirements on C-level (precursor mission) goal : perform first detection of air-showers by looking downward from the edge of space for CR's of energy E>10 18 eV. The rate of such events is estimated to be ~ 0,05 ev/h (see talk by Mario Bertaina). [MRC1] Long duration flight operation (≥ 50 hours at night, TBC) of the EUSO-Balloon instrument in trigger mode and in low background configuration. Altitude loss down to 35 (TBC) km is acceptable after 3 day/night transitions. [MRC2] Measure temperature/altitude of cloud cover with the Infrared Camera [MRC3] Fly a co-aligned laser on the gondola; generate laser induced events during taged data acquisition. [MRC4] Choose launch date to allow for a part of the flight over a high reflectivity surface (clouds, snow...)

what sources are accelerating UHECR's ? what is the acceleration-mechanism ? prepare JEM-EUSO with EUSO-BALLON astrophysics with very high particles

 = ~=~= d ____ R gyro dB ___ E d ______ 1 Mpc B ______ G E _________ 3 x eV  ___ 0.1 o ~=~= [ []] astronomy with protons ?  deviation d distance R gyro ryro-radius Bmagnetic field Eproton energie how to know where hey came from ?

Fermi acceleration black hole accretion disk jets shock front Active Galactic Nuclei

precursor mission ? With an optics offering a 8° FOV, it appears that we can expect to see 2 or 3 showers during a 10h balloon flight (TBC) see Mario Bertaina's talk => 1 st detection of air-showers by looking down from the edge of space

balloons as means for R&D and training experience ideas enthusiasm - training of future PI's, mission scientist and project managers and if you're quick (and lucky), you may snatch a mayor result before the satellite with your new technology is ready to fly need "light" projects – i.e. - timescale ≈ PhD thesis - paper mass << payload mass => quick, cheap and … not without risk ….

JEM-EUSO On the Japanese module of the International Space Station

UV nigthglow

PARTICLE PHYSICS BIRTH WAS DUE TO COSMIC RAYS Hesse, Wulf, Wilson, Anderson, Bothe, Kohlorster, Millikan, Blackett, Skobeltsyn, Rochester, Butler, Rossi, Pancini, Conversi, Powell, Occhialini …… Advent of accelerators

PHASE A REVIEW - REHEARSAL FOR EUSO- BALLOON * Welcome, Objectives for the day, General guidelines for the review * Presentation of JEM EUSO P. PICOZZA - 15 min (+10 min) * Presentation of EUSO-Balloon P. VON BALLMOOS - 20 min (+10 min) * Performance aspects of the instrument M. BERTAINA - 15 min (+10 min) * Organization for the development A. SANTANGELO (15 min (+10 min) * PDM description M. CASOLINO - 15 min (+10 min) * EC UNIT description P. BARILLON - 30 min (+20 min) * HV description, development plan PH. GORODEZTKY - 10 min (+10 min) * Flight electronics description G.OSTERIA - 30 min (+20 min) * Lenses description PH. GORODEZTKY - 10 min (+10 min) * Mechanical design of the instrument P. VON BALLMOOS - 15 min (+10 min) * IR camera MD RODRIGUEZ FRIAS - 15 min (+10 min) * Planning S. DAGORET - 15 min (+10 min) * 2nd iteration on the presentation & possible questions * Wrap-up / conclusion on the review * beyond phase A - what's next ? - doing it - status of US involvement etc * AOB * where we go for dinner