20/20 TDR With TDR PC Vision Operator Training - General TM Version – July 2009

Training Subjects Section TitleSlide # Introduction, Power and the CD-ROM Powering ON & Menus How TDRs work Measurement Screen & Step TDR reflections Keypad & Measurement Screen Actions Pair Selection & Step TDR Advantages Dribble-Up, Splices & Wet Cable Advanced Features (optional) Saving Traces and TDR PC Vision (optional) Cleaning, Maintenance, Warranty & Tech Support Q & A and Acknowledgements 63 1

What’s in the Box? Made in the USA 2

Quarter VGA backlit LCD Ruggedized weather resistant keypad with high tactile feel for use with gloves Solid ABS plastic case N, BNC or F connector or Network Units with an RJ-45 and BNC or F connectors 3

Battery Installation CAUTION NO mixing cells Same Type & mAhr BATTERY MENU Select Alkaline or NiMH/NiCd and enter rated mAhrs F2 4

AC or DC Power and Recharging mA Vehicle running is preferred DC power permits operation OR recharging, but not both VAC 50/60 Hz AC power permits operation AND Recharging (Included with Rechargeable TDRs) 5

CD-ROM CD Directory TDR PC Vision TM MS Windows software loadable to any number of PCs TDR Application Notes Details Notes on TDR uses Operation Manual Quick Start Guide Electronic Copies Training PPT General/Broadcast CATV Technician Telephone Technician 6

Powering ON Powering ON with Soft Reset Pressing ON starts the unit, performs a self-check and restores the last used settings Press ON and then quickly pressing ENTER 4 – 5 times performs a soft reset and restores factory default settings 7

HIGH VOLTAGE DETECTED Try pressing ENTER 1 or 2 times to see if the detection clears If it will not clear, there is more than 100 VDC or 0.5VAC on the line being tested. Use precautions to remove the TDR and remove or reduce the voltage prior to retesting. The 20/20 TDR is protected to 300VAC and 300VDC 8

F-Keys Menu, Channel Guide & ESC Backspace Key When in an numeric entry screen, F1 erases the last character entered and jumps back one space Escape Key When in Menus F2 – F5 Press to escape back to the Measurement Screen F2 UNIT SETTINGS: BACKLIGHT, CONTRAST AUDIO, BATT SAVER, BAUD, SELF TEST F3 DATA DISPLAY: SCALES, GRIDS, UNITS OHMS/SWR/DB, SCREEN FROMAT F4 UTILITIES: FAULT/INTERMITTENT FIND FILTERS, MEM SAVE/RECALL, CH SEL F5 CABLES: VIEW, CATALOGS, SELECT, EDIT CABLE SAMPLER, TEST LEAD CALIBRATION First press RJ45 TP- TKN CH TEL 568A 568B USOC 10BT PMD RING A R/B PR1 PR1 PR1 RX B G/B PR2 PR3 PR2 RX TX C PR3 PR2 PR4 TX RX D PR4 PR4 PR3 TX A  B R  G 1  2 1  3 1  2 T  R A  C 1  3 1  2 1  4 A  D 1  4 1  4 1  3 B  C 2  3 2  3 2  4 T  R B  D 2  4 3  4 2  3 C  D 3  4 2  4 3  4 T  R Second press If using a Network TDR F1 9

Function Key Item & Selection Navigation BACKLIGHT TIMER:OFF BRIGHTNESS:8 CONTRAST:8 AUDIO VOLUME:0 ………..     Any arrow key will move the selection left/right or Increase/decrease numbers for the menu item marked  10

Key – Unit Settings BACKLIGHT TIMER:OFF {10, 20, 50 sweeps & continuous} BRIGHTNESS:8 {range 0 to 10} CONTRAST:8 {range 1 to 15} up for colder temps AUDIO VOLUME:0 {range 0 to 3} AUDIO MODE:OFF, KEY BEEP, CONTINUOUS BAUD RATE:57600 {range 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800} BATTERY SAVER:OFF, ON SELF TEST:OFF {test list & keypad checker} BATTERY MENU : Internal re-chargeable TDRs have a sub-menu F2 11

Key – Unit Settings BATTERY MENU : BATTERY SAVER: ON, OFF BATTERY TYPE: NICD NIMH, ALKALINE BATT CAPACITY: 2000 MAHR {400 – 5300 mAhr} EST. RUN TIME: > 7.0 HRS {Max to 0.0 hrs} BATTERY STATUS : 10.7V -220MA BATTERY TEMP: TEMPERATURE OK {HOT, COLD} CHARGER STATUS: IDLE {BATT CHK, PRE CHRG, CHARGING, TRICKLE} F2 12

Key – Data Display Options V SCALE : 100{range 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000} H SPAN : 20{range 20 to 10,000} PLOT START : 0{range 0 to 2,500} UNITS : FEET, METERS GRID LINES : 0{range 0 to 4} BIG NUMBERS : OFF, ON PLOT TYPE : Z OMHS, SWR, RTN AMPL DB Rechargeable TDRs are Z OHMS only F3 13

Key – Special Functions MEMORY ACTION: ◄► TO SAVE/RECALL NOISE FILTER: 0{range 0 to 4} AVERAGING FLTR: 0{range 0 to 7} VIDEO FILTER: 0{range 0 to 4} INTRMTENT GRAB: OFF, ON FAULT FINDER: OFF, ON STEP OR PULSE: STEP, PULSE INPUT CHANNEL: INPUT COAX, RJ45 CHs A, B, C, D, A  B, A  C, A  D, B  C, B  D, C  D Rechargeable TDRs have only STEP mode display F4 14

Key - Cable Operations AEA CABLE LIST{Cables listed by MFG, P/N, Type & Zo} VIEW USER LIST{56 User Defined Cables} EDIT USER LIST{Define or Alter a Cables Details & Store} TEST LEAD CAL{Removes the test lead from the plot} SAMPLE A CABLE{Find a Cable’s Velocity Factor} CURRENT CABLE: GENERIC PIC24AWG Z100 VF66.7 F5 15

How Does a TDR Work? The same as RADAR Time 16

Cable Velocity and Distance Velocity is designed in a cable at the time of its manufacture Velocity is expressed as a fraction of the speed of light Example:.66c Time 2 X Velocity = Distance 20 n Sec 2 X.66c (648,172,800ft/sec) = 64.8 feet VF or VP Beware of VF Uncertainty VoP or NVP 17

Impedance “Z” Z = 50 Ohms Z = 100 Ohms 18

Cable Impedance (Z) and Reflections Impedance is a factor of both the conductor and the dielectric of the insulation between the conductor & shield or twisted pairs Any deviation from the manufactured Z will cause reflections Open Zo=50  or 100  Z = ∞ Ω Z = 0  Zo=50  or 100  Short 19

Pulse TDR Longer and Longer Dead Zones 20

Step TDR = No Dead Zones – Any Range Step TDR 21

Example Step TDR Reflections Poor Splice Mixed ImpedancesBridged Tap WaterSplit Pair That Resplits Pinched Coax Poor Quality Coax What a “Pulse TDR” Cannot See 22

20/20 Step TDR Display TDR Trace Cursor 1 Horizontal Span or H-Span (Feet or Meters) CRSR1 19ft 10in52.4to 52.6Ω BELDEN RG8/U VF 88.3 Vertical Scale or V-Scale (Z) Velocity Factor Cable Type Cursor Information 27

Open Cable or PairShorted Cable or Pair Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces Opens and shorts send the trace to maximum or zero Ohms respectively. Unlike a pulse TDR, there is no trace after these events 23

Bad Connector on RG-59 Mixed Z, 75 then 50 Ohm Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces Both events will cause unwanted signal reflections. The 75-to-50 Ohm cable will add extra signal attenuation 24

Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces Good SplicePoor Splice These splices are in 100 Ohm twisted pair cable. Good splices in coax should not be visible. 25

Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces Wet CableSplit and Resplit Wet cable always show an erratic downward excursion on the trace. Splits and resplits are common in home wiring where the owner didn’t understand the importance of pairing 26

CRSR1 19ft 10in100.4to GENERIC 24AWG VF CRSR1 39ft 8in100.5to GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7 Zoom Key CRSR1 79ft 6in100.4to GENERIC 24AWG VF

CRSR1 19ft 10in100.4to GENERIC 24AWG VF CRSR1 39ft 8in100.5to GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7 Step Key CRSR1 59ft 6in 85.1to 86.4 GENERIC 24AWG VF

Scale Key CRSR1 19ft 10in100.4to GENERIC 24AWG VF CRSR1 19ft 10in100.4to GENERIC 24AWG VF

Remaining Keypad Keys Power OFF Saves All Settings Enter saves menu changes & returns to Measurement Display, Cursor Hide/Unhide key Cursor Keys activate, move & de-activate either cursor Exam/Plot freezes or Un-freezes the active plot 31

Test Any USOC, 568A or 568B Wiring Schemes 1 – T4 White/Brown 2 – T3 White/Green 3 – T2 White/Orange 4 – R1 Blue 5 – T1 White/Blue 6 – R2 Orange 7 – R3 Green 8 – R4 Brown RJ45 Wired USOC 1 – T3 not connected 2 – T2 Black 3 – R1 Red 4 – T1 Green Yellow 5 – R2 Yellow 6 – R3 not connected RJ12 Wired USOC 1 – T2 Black 2 – R1 Red 3 – T1 Green Yellow 4 – R2 Yellow RJ11 Wired USOC 1 – T3 White/Green 2 – T2 White/Orange 3 – R1 Blue 4 – T1 White/Blue Orange 5 – R2 Orange 6 – R3 Green RJ12 Wired USOC 32 1 – T3 White/Green 2 – T3 Green 3 – T2 White/Orange 4 – R1 Blue 5 – T1 White/Blue 6 – R2 Orange 7 – R4 White/Brown 8 – R4 Brown RJ45 Wired T-568A 1 – T3 White/Orange 2 – T3 Orange 3 – T2 White/Green 4 – R1 Blue 5 – T1 White/Blue 6 – R2 Green 7 – R4 White/Brown 8 – R4 Brown RJ45 Wired T-568B

AEA Technology Reduced All Wiring Schemes to Coax & 4 Channels  The 20/20 TDR menu simplifies looking at any single pair or the difference between any two pairs  The 20/20 TDR in impedance independent and can test both coax and twisted pair cables with the same TDR  The 20/20 TDR has a customized cable list for technician that covers common coax cables and twisted pairs. 33  The AEA Cable List (F5) has over 1000 coax cables in a data base search format

Advantage of a Step TDR? Quickly locate the distance to a fault and see type of fault Stop rewiring when a simple 5 minute fix will clear the trouble Eliminate the cable as cause for transmission problems 34 Read the impedance of the fault to determine if is service affecting

20/20 TDR’s Advantages  Range Maximums: velocity dependent – 6,600 8,800  Measure Cable’s Impedance (Z) & Resistance (Ω) via “Dribble Up”  Use Noise, Averaging or Video Filters to clear the trace  Locates Distance and Impedance effects for: Poor SplicesBad Connections Cable KinksCable Damage WaterNetwork Devices Impedance MismatchesLossy Cable 35

What is “Dribble-Up” Dribble up is the resistance of the cable. Loop resistance for twisted pair and center conductor resistance for coax. Step TDR’s add the resistance to the Zo of the conductors. As the conductors get longer more slope appears. 36

What can Dribble-Up tell me? You can read the resistance gain over length to see if a cable meets factory specification You can see series resistive faults and measure their resistance You can determine cable gauge and see gauge changes CRSR1 64ft 0in 86.3 to 86.7  VF 88.0 CRSR2 61ft 7in 80.5 to 80.8  CRSR 3ft 5in 5.8 to 5.9  If this is twisted pair it jumps from 19 or 22 gauge to 24 or 26 gauge across a series resistive splice If this is coax the second section is very lossy coax across a series resistive splice 37

Poor Splice or Bad Connection CRSR 1096ft VF 88.3BELDEN RG8/U Pulse TDR CRSR1 1157ft 0in 56.9 to 57.6  BELDEN RG8/UVF 88.3 CRSR2 1096ft 0in 55.8 to 56.1  CRSR 61ft 0in 1.1 to 1.5  20/20 “Step” TDR Step TDR’s Advantages 1. Series resistive fault with over 11 Ohms of loss in one spot. 2. Both cable sections exhibit normal resistive loss as evidenced by the “Dribble Up” 38

Water in OSP Cabling CRSR1 599ft 7in to  GENERIC 24 AWGVF 67.0 Water Rules 1.Reduces the resistance of the dielectric or insulation - Hence reduces cable’s Z. 2.Reduces velocity to an unknown – Hence distances in a water slug or after the slug are NOT valid ft 599 ft 311 ft 464 ft water 39

20/20 TDR’s Advanced Features Differential Mode Compares one twisted pair to another twisted pair and shows any differences Intermittent Grabber Permits looking for a short or open and moving the cable or connectors to find an intermittent fault Fault Finder Set upper and lower impedance limits, the TDR will jump the cursor to the first point exceeding the limit. 40 Jump Forward to Memory Actions

Using Differential Mode 1. Measure a single pair in a cable and and note the events 2.Connect the telco test leads’ Green/Black pair or use an RJ45 plug input for access to another of the four pairs 3. Press and select INPUT CHANNEL 4. Press any key as required to select RJ45 AΔB for telco leads difference or any other RJ45 xΔx as desired, see QRG table 5. Press ENTER 41

Intermittent Grabber Mode 1. Connect the cable with the suspect intermittent fault and full trace 3. Hand-over-hand move along the cable flexing and moving sections and connection points to induce the fault 2. Press select INTRMTENT GRAB and press any key to turn ON NOTE: If the entire trace goes erratic, change the termination and try again. Fault must be same as termination 42

Fault Finder Mode 1. Connect the cable and set the full trace on the display 2. Press and select FAULT FINDER then press 3. Press to select AUTO FAULT: ON 4. Press to select MINIMUM OHMS, then MAXIMUM OHMS and enter the limits for each when prompted 5. Press ENTER to return Measurement Screen and CURSOR 1 will jump to the first minimum or maximum detected AUTO FAULT LOCATION UP/DOWN MOVES CURSOR, F1=ESCAPE LEFT/RIGHT CHANGES SETTING ENTER RESUMES NORMAL OPERATION ->AUTO FAULT : OFF MINIMUM OHMS : 64 MAXIMUM OHMS :

Saving and Recalling Traces Key – Special Functions MEMORY ACTION: ◄► TO SAVE/RECALL SAVE INST ONLY[Saves all the instrument set ups] RECALL INST SAVE SCREEN [Saves trace data points] RECALL SCREEN SAVE DETAILED[Saves trace – 2500 data points RECALL DETAILED best for trace over 3K feet] F4 46

F5F4F3F2F1 ABCDE FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST UVWXY F5F4F3F2F1 A B C D E Letters enter in 2 steps, select group first then single letter Numbers enter directly from the keypad EXAM PLOT Z space delete -. Name Saved Trace 47

TDR PC Vision TM Software  TDR PC Vision is included with every TDR at no extra charge  Operates on MS Windows ® platforms  Permits upload, archive and export of TDR plots in multiple formats  Down load instrument settings from PC-to-TDR  Applications include: 1. plots to tech expert or supervisor for assistance 2 Provide plots from field technicians to engineering to clarify plant issues 3. Develop a database of installations “As-Builts” for later reference 4. Transfer plots to training to show new technicians 48Jump forward to Maintenance

Getting Started with TDR PC Vision 1. Open the TDR PC Vision folder on the CD-ROM 2.Double-click on the “Setup.exe” file to start the installation and follow the MS Windows prompts until installation is complete 3.Connect the 20/20 TDR to the PC serial port using the enclosed cable 4. Turn ON the TDR and wait for the Measurement Screen 5. Click on the TDR PC Vision icon on your desktop 6.TDR PC Vision will open, search the COM Ports and establish communications with the TDR 49

TDR PC Vision Options Window 50

Correcting Communications Errors Before pressing “Retry” check the following: 1. Serial cable is connected at both the PC and TDR 2. TDR is on and at the Measurement Screen (Menu Screens inhibit communications) Press “Ignore” to work with archived plots on the PC only 51

TDR PC Vision Options Window Auto Increment ON – Increments the memory slot by 1 with each upload OFF – Manually entering a memory slot For each upload Read Buttons Read the selected memory slot and display a graph of the plot Archived Plots These are plots already saved on the PC. This button will appear active even if the TDR is not connected or on. 52

Cursors Data Cursor Data corresponds to the color cursor on the graph. Cursor control is by using the slide bar arrows or direct mouse pointer on the cursor line. The DELTA reading is the difference between the two cursors. The Plot The trace shows both a good and poor splice. The poor splice at the Red cursor has excessive reflection and the trace exiting is higher Than the trace entering the splice indicating a series resistive fault. 53Return to Last Slide

File Menu Items Opens browser to locate desired Save folder, in an Archived Plot to locate the.AEA file. NOTE: Windows will save only the last Opened or uploaded plot, even if you try to Save a prior opened plot. 54

Edit and View Menus Saves Chart Axis setting For all new plot imports Copies graph to Clipboard for pasting in any MS Windows application 55

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Chart Title Menu 57

Chart Plot Menu Displays only Impedance (Z) Readings Displays only Distance Readings Displays both Impedance (Z) & Distance Mouse Pointer displays Plot Point Values 58

Use to select a COM port, BAUD rate, lock in 1 port or select USB- to-Serial con- verter. This window may also appear with a TDR com failure. Press “Connect Port/Poll TDR” To retry connection. A green status Indicates good Communications. “Save Port Settings” speeds connection when opening TDR PC Vision. 59

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Cleaning Your 20/20 TDR 1. Always spray cleaners and rinse water on a soft cloth, do NOT spray directly on the TDR Soft Cases The soft case should be cleaned the same as the instrument. Use a soft bush to remove tough dirt. Do NOT immerse in water or dry in a dryer. Wash and Dry separately, both instrument and case should be dry before enclosing the instrument in the case. 2. Typical Grime – Use a mild non-abrasive detergent like 409 ® in water or glass cleaner (non-ammonia) and rinse water to clean 3. Cable Gel – User liquid “citrus” cleaner to remove 4.Tar, creosote or adhesives – Use WD40 ® followed with mild detergent and water 61

Maintenance, Service and Warranty Operating Manual, Section 5, Maintenance, Service and Warranty. Warranty – One year against material & workmanship defects Questions, By all means – Contact us: AEA Technology, Inc Sea Lion Place, Ste 112 Carlsbad, CA Tel: or Fax: Application Notes Operating Manuals TDR PC Vision Data Sheets See “User Troubleshooting Guide” 62

Questions and Answers Acknowledgements: MS Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft ® Corp 409 is a registered trademark of Clorox ® Corp WD40 is registered trademark of WD40 ® Corp 63