13.5 Scientific Revolution

Objectives Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe. Analyze the contributions that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution.

The Old Way Stuck in the past (Greeks and Church) Ptolemy’s geocentric theory How did they come up with this idea?

Scientific Revolution Began Mid-1500’s Causes: necessity rebirth in learning during Renaissance Challenging older ways and ancient ideas

Heliocentric Theory Copernicus (1543) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. Proposed heliocentric theory Backlash Tycho Brahe’s observatory Johannes Kepler, used Brahe’s observations, supported with mathematical data (ellipse)

Galileo Started by discounting Aristotle/Ptolemy 1610 Assembled telescope, observed Jupiter’s moons revolve around the planet. Supported Copernicus and called to Rome in front of Inquisition “And yet it moves.” Outcome? Ideas stuck

Scientific Method Problem=hypothesis=data=conclusion Bacon moved away from reliance on ancients, stressed experimentation and observation Descartes “I think therefore I am” Discourse on Method (1637) Everything within human reason

Scientific Revolution Scientific Method needed new materials Perfected Microscope by Leeuwenhoek(1590) Fahrenheit and Celsius Dissection of bodies On the Structure of the Human Body Vesalius, first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy Harvey, circulation of blood and the heart Inoculations

Newton One set of universal gravitation. Natural laws dominated earth/humanity. Can be measured and described mathematically Gravity Philsophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica