Chapter 3 Review

????? the total of all chemical reactions in an organism

Metabolism

???? assist reactions and causes a change, but the always stays the same can be used again and again

enzymes

???? Draw an enzyme breaking down a substrate

???? organisms that make their own food.

Autotrophs or Producers

????? organisms that cannot make their own food

Heterotrophs or Consumers

????? when producers convert light energy into chemical energy, or sugars that can be used as food.

Photosynthesis

???? Where does photosynthesis happen?

Chlorophyll

????? a green pigment that is used in photosynthesis to capture light.

Chlorophyll

??? What happens to the excess sugar made during photosynthesis?

Excess sugar is stored as starches or used to make other carbohydrates

???? What is the photosynthetic equation?

???? The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy

Respiration

???? What is the equation for respiration?

????? In what TWO places does respiration occur?

The cytoplasm then the mitochandria

???? Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this to release some of the stored energy in glucose molecules

Fermentation

???? What are the products of fermentation?

Lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide

???? Give me an example of fermentation

?????? Movement of substance through the cell membrane without the input of energy

Passive Transport

?????? A group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds

Molecule

?????? The random movement of molecules from an area where there is relatively fewer of them Continues to happen until the amount in both areas is equal =EQUILIBRIUM

Diffusion

?????? Made up of two or more elements in specific portions

Compound

?????? the diffusion of water through a cell membrane

Osmosis

?????? transport proteins in the cell membrane are used to move substances in and out of the cell For example: Glucose molecules are too big to enter without the help of transport proteins NO ENERGY!

Facilitated Diffusion

?????? Two or more substances dissolved evenly throughout another substance

Solution

?????? when an input of energy is required to move materials through a cell membrane using transport proteins

Active transport

?????? Negatively charged particles moving around outside a nucleus

Electrons

?????? When the cell membrane folds in on itself, enclosing a substance in a vesicle. The vesicle pinches off and enters the cytoplasm, acting as a transport and storage structure.

Endocytosis

?????? Atoms of the same kind that are bonded together

Element

?????? The vesicles membrane fuses with the cell membrane’s, and the vesicle contents are released

Exocytosis

?????? Smallest particle that makes up all matter solid, liquid, gas

Atom

?????? Occur when different atoms share their outermost electrons

Molecular Compound

?????? Opposite charges attract to form an electrically neutral compound

Ionic Compound

?????? Two or more substances evenly spread throughout a solution, but will eventually settle out

Suspension

?????? Combination of substances that retain their own properties

Mixture

?????? Center of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

Nucleus

?????? An electrically charged atom that has lost or gained an electron

Ion

?????? Type of compound that contains carbon and hydrogen and usually found in living things

Organic Compound

?????? Type of compound that contains elements other than carbon and usually found in nonliving things

Inorganic Compound

?????? When the relative number of molecules of a substance are equal in two areas

Equilibrium