1 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Networks are Cooperation Networks are communication Communication is Cooperation Networking since the 1970s UNINETT, NORDUnet Baltics projects NATO networking panel member

2 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT INTERNET A vast technological interconnect, spanning regions, countries, continents SERVICES Electronic Mail File transfer Information browsing and capture WWW CONTENT

3 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT By creating linked information spaces on the Internet, opportunities exist to create local, regional and national information highways, spanning across communities interacting within themselves, or with other regions. By linking together citizens, schools, libraries, newspapers and other information sources, local authorities and institutions, and with outside connections, it is possible to create powerful regional electronic infrastructures.

4 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT The most optimistic views on the Internet claim that this may improve the interaction between people and institutions, permit better access to governement by those governed, and greatly ease the general access to information. Particularly for the educational process may benefit. A more open society is the goal.

5 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Examples General information Geographical information Distance Education Publishing on Demand News services Public Information

6 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT GIX Washington Reykjavik EMPB London Ebone Paris EMPB Amsterdam NASK Warshaw BALTnet Vilnius BALTnet Tallin Trondheim Copenhagen Stockholm

7 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT NORDUnet as an example Gestation period Nordic Council of Ministers approved 1985 NORDUNET project Mill. USD Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden Networks are cooperation

8 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT NORDUnet Cooperation between 5 national networks Cooperation on International connectivity Common services and pilot development Supporting all major protocols and services Harmonising mail services Joint training of experts Cooperation with major Telecom operators

9 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Communication is Cooperation Services can rarely be done by one provider alone The necessary level of competence could not be reached on a country by country basis Institutional groups too small both in people with interest and knowledge resources and demanding users Development cooperation required on all levels

10 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT The NORDUNET lesson Many institutions scattered across several countries worked together by each getting major responsibilities Distributed projects create joint enthusiasm and work towards common goals Shared responsibilities All got benefit from building competence Network communication is working together

11 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Shared responsibilities Representative Steering Body from major national centres Initial management, Technical: Norway (OSLO), Administrative: Sweden (SICS) later moved to Denmark (UNI C) Operating centers, International Sweden (KTH) National centers: TCP/IP Sweden, KTH DECnet Denmark, UNI C X.25 CLNS Norway, UNINETT Coordinated representation in International bodies

12 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT NORDUnet A/S Created 14 December 1994 to give Well defined legal body Certain freedom of action Equal control by partners Distinct from partners Excec located in Denmark, Director (Peter Villemoes), small secretariat All work done by partners

13 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT NORDUnet a/s shareholders UNI-C, Denmark Finnish Ministry of Education University of Iceland UNINETT A/S, Norway Agency for Higher Education, Sweden

14 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT NORDUnet links

15 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT EXPENSES IN 1998 ca. 33 M$

16 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT CEE COUNTRIES

17 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT USA LINK HISTORY

18 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Ongoing Challenges Break the cost barrier Maintain Nordic leadership Continue collaboration Remain active in Europe The NORDUNET2 initiative

19 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Creating plans Joint Seminars and Workshops Broad participation, R&D, Universities industry, PTT/PTO ? financial and political rep. ? Subjects the infrastructure PTT transmission facilities Universities and local site needs International connectivity and technology Financial and management aspects

20 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT International support issues seminars and workshops, training personell exchange programs consultancy work when necessary purchase of critical equipment direct support by a time limited funding of international links

21 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Cooperation Checklist Major issues Identification of sites and organisations to connect International cooperation and connectivity Which sites have possibilities now What other are prioritized in terms of ongoing projects? Identify shared responsibilities and distribution of projects How to support USERS

22 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Content driven network services Developed by working together Service providers: Computer Centers, Network operators Information Providers Libraries Educators Public, Private, Commercial

23 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Present Challenges "Multimedia" services and High Speed Technologies (ATM) New paradigms in Education Distance education Distributed libraries Electronic publishing Structure and organisation of information New adminstrative services, Region Wide Information Systems

24 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT The New Vision The high capacity network as a regional, national, and international infrastructure, a highway for education, services and entertainment, with open and easy access to the public Liberte, egalite, fraternite

25 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Cooperation Checklist Technical Basic transmission issues, leased line capacity and quality, alternatives, like microwave, radiolink and dial-up access Routing, placement, PC, based?, topology, international routes DNS support,.country servers, where and what is needed in terms of equipment Mail gatewaying, interworking (X.400) General equipment needs, UNIX servers, PCs, Modems

26 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Cooperation Checklist Funding and organisation Implementation cost for regional and international efforts, plan needed Operational costs, estimate needed What organisational framework will support: cooperative and shared projects the operations administrative support for registration of network, organisation and addresses the user steering of the services as a whole signing of international agreements

27 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Cooperation Checklist Policy Internet registration Relations to the local PTTs and local governments? R&D network vs public service relations? R&D networking a pilot phase before true public service? Funding initially and long term Relations to existing European activities Relations to extended connectivity CEE States Relations to national standards organisations and registration authorities

28 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Organisations/Functions Service provider/Operations centre Name registry and Address registry Technical Coordinations group for all network service providers - interconnecting/routing coordination File/Program archive, FTP, NEWS, WWW etc. Policy setting of tariffs/cost sharing The base for all must be the USERS

29 URAN, Kiev, October 1 USIT Operation Centre Tasks Network operation Installation, configuration of modems, routers Fault handling - international/national links Statistics, for planning Domain Name Service Routing Arbitration (Engineering, Planning, Names and Address Registry)