 Diagrams that are examples and non-examples of a specific concept will be shown  Make your own observations and try to notice what concept surrounds the examples  Keep your observations to yourself, we will share them with each other later  Test diagrams will follow to see if you have made the right observations

Examples 1) Sand in water 2) Quartz crystal 3) Cigarette smoke 4) Brass trumpet 5) Pepper Non-examples 1) Distilled water 2) Diamond crystal 3) Neon gas in tube 4) Silver trumpet 5) Salt

What do you think?  What do all the examples have in common?  What do all the non-examples have in common?

 All the examples showed pictures of mixtures  sand in water, quartz crystal, cigarette smoke, brass trumpet, pepper, milk, oil in water, salt water, honey  All the non-examples were pictures of pure substances  distilled water, diamond, neon gas, silver trumpet, salt, pencil lead

Matter Flowchart MATTER Can it be physically separated? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous MixtureCompoundElement MIXTUREPURE SUBSTANCE yes no Can it be chemically decomposed? noyes Is the composition uniform? noyes ColloidsSuspensions

 A pure substance contains only one kind of molecule.  That molecule can be either an element or a compound.  Ex. Water is a compound of H-O-H.  Ex. A diamond is an element molecule of C-C-C (n)  It can’t be separated by physical means ElementCompound

 Elements are composed of identical atoms  EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

 Compounds are made of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion  EX: Salt (NaCl)

A) A clear, colourless liquid that can be chemically split into two gases – each with different properties B) A yellow solid that always has the same properties and cannot be broken down chemically C) A colourless gas that burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Mixtures  Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances (or other mixtures). HeterogeneousHomogeneous

 A homogeneous mixture is a mixture with only one visible phase (dissolved substance in solvent)

Original state of soluteSolventExamples Gas Air, natural gas GasLiquidCarbonated drinks, water in rivers containing oxygen GasSolidHydrogen in platinum LiquidGasWater vapour in air, gasoline-air mixture Liquid Alcohol in water, antifreeze LiquidSolidAmalgams, such as mercury in silver SolidGasMothballs in air SolidLiquidSugar or salt in water Solid Alloys, copper-nickel in coins

Mixtures: Heterogeneous  Solutions  homogeneous  small-sized particles  No Tyndall effect (do not scatter light)  particles don’t settle  EX: tea

Mixtures: Homogeneous  Some metals that we use every day exist because they are mixtures.  Bronze = tin + copper  Brass = copper + zinc  These metal mixtures are called ALLOYS

Mixtures: Heterogeneous  Colloids  homogeneous  medium-sized particles  Tyndall effect (do scatter light)  particles don’t settle  EX: milk

 A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture with two or more visible phases

Mixtures: Heterogeneous  Suspension  heterogeneous  large particles  Tyndall effect (do scatter light)  particles settle  EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

Mixtures & the Tyndall Effect -scattering of light by particles -a way to tell the difference between solutions and colloids and suspensions

Mixtures & the Tyndall Effect

Laser light passes through Laser light passes through Laser light does NOT pass No scattering with scattering through – most/all light is scattered Mixtures & the Tyndall Effect

More Terms…

 Each Element is made of one kind of atom.  An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of matter

 A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms Oxygen Hydrogen Water