14-1. 14-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. Part Three SOURCES AND COLLECTION OF DATA.

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Presentation transcript:

14-1

14-2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2003 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,All Rights Reserved. Part Three SOURCES AND COLLECTION OF DATA

14-3 Chapter Fourteen EXPERIMENTATION

14-4 Variables in Experiments Independent variables Dependent variables

14-5 Advantages of an Experiment? Researchers ability to manipulate the independent variable Contamination from extraneous variables can be controlled more efficiently Convenience Cost Replication

14-6 Disadvantages of Experiments Artificiality of the laboratory Generalization from nonprobability samples Larger budgets needed Restricted to problems of the present or immediate future Ethical limits to manipulation of people

14-7 Experimentation Process Select relevant variables Specify the treatment levels Control the experimental environment Choose the experimental design Select and assign the participants Pilot-test, revise, and test Analyze the data

14-8 Ways to Assign Subjects Random Assignment Matching Assignment –Quota matrix

14-9 Does a Measure Accomplish What it Claims? Internal validity External validity

14-10 Threats to Internal Validity History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Selection Statistical Regression Experimental Mortality

14-11 Threats to External Validity The Reactivity of Testing on X Interaction of Selection and X Other Biasing Effects on X –Artificial setting of testing –Respondents knowledge of testing

14-12 Experimental Designs Preexperimental designs True experimental designs Field experiments

14-13 Design Symbols X the introduction of an experimental stimulus to the participant 0 a measure or observation activity R an indication that sample units have been randomly assigned

14-14 Preexperimental Designs One-shot case study One-group pretest-posttest design Static group comparison

14-15 True Experimental Designs Pretest-posttest control group design Posttest-only control group design

14-16 Operational Extensions of True Designs Completely randomized designs Randomized block design Latin square Factorial design Covariance analysis

14-17 Field Experiments: Quasi- or Semi-Experiments Non Equivalent Control Group Design Separate Sample Pretest-Posttest Design Group Time Series Design

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