 A word or phrase that names a person, place, thing, quality, or act

Common nouns are the names of things in general, such as cat, dog, road, city, skirt, colour etc. A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing, such as Kate, Billy, Manchester, Thames, Rover etc. All proper nouns start with a capital letter. A collective noun is the name given to a group of things, for example a flock of birds or a herd of cows. A compound noun is made up of more than one word.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

An abstract noun is something you can't see, hear, touch or taste. These can be emotions (happiness, grief) or states (peace, quiet) for example.  A concrete noun is an object that is recognized by the senses

 Are words used to take the place of a noun or another pronoun Ex. Wanda likes chocolate. She likes chocolate. David, Ed, & Jules are going. They are going

 I, me my, you, he, him, she, her, it, we us, they

 used to demonstrate or point out specific persons, places, things, or ideas  This, that, these and those are all demonstrative pronouns. Ex. This is his book. These are Diane’s shoes.

 Are used to ask questions  Who, whom, whose, which, what Ex. Who is your friend? Which one of your friends needs a ride?

 Used to introduce clauses  Who, whom whose, which, what, that Ex. The merchants, who are eager for sales, shout to customers. We had meatloaf, which makes me sick, for dinner.

 are formed by adding  –self or –selves to personal pronouns

 Are the objects of the verb in the sentence Ex Wendy treats herself to a massage every Friday. The kids gave themselves a pat on the back for accomplishing their goals

 Refers back to the subject of the sentence Ex. The bakers themselves like to sample their goods. David himself changed the flat tire. He tried to paint the house himself.

 Refer to people, places, things, and ideas in a general way anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something both, few, many, several all, any, most, none, some

 Words that show action or state of being

Action Verbs The player ran across the field and caught the ball. Linking Verbs This is my coat. The children are adorable. Auxiliary or Helping Verbs He is running from the rain. She was sleeping on the couch.

 Are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns Ex. Her dress was very colorful. It was an enjoyable vacation.

are proper nouns used to modify or describe Jamaica was formerly a British colony. American cars are dependable.

 The words a, an, and the are articles and classified as adjectives. Indefinite articles – an & a Definite articles - the

 Modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs  They answer the questions When? Adverb of time Where? Adverb of place How? Adverb of manner To what extent? Adverb of degree

 Answers the question WHEN about the verb  Examples They went to the doctor yesterday. went when? yesterday I woke up early on Sunday morning. woke up when? early

 Answers the question WHERE about the verb Examples She ran downstairs to answer the door. ran where downstairs Mitch was driving north on Monroe Street. driving where north

 Answers the question HOW about the verb  Janice quickly ate her lunch so she could make up a test. ate how quickly Tyler angrily hit the wall with his fist. hit how angrily

 Answers the question to what degree about verb, adjectives, adverbs Examples Jennifer was very happy about the dance. happy to what degree Mark very carefully turned the corner. carefully to what degree

Most words that end in “ly” are adverbs

 Show relationships between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence Examples Mary put the bag on the table. The letter was from the IRS.

ABOUT ABOVE ACROSS AFTER AGAINST ALONG AMONG AROUND AS AT BEFORE BEHIND BELOW BENEATH BESIDE BETWEEN BEYOND BUT BY DESPITE DOWN DURING EXCEPT FOR FROM IN INSIDE INTO LIKE NEAR OF OFF ON ONTO OUT OUTSIDE OVER PAST SINCE THROUGH THROUGHOUT TO TOWARD UNDER UNTIL UP UPON WITH WITHIN

COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS – made of more than one word according to by means of in place of on account of aside from in addition to in spite of out of Because of in front of Prior to

 Connects words or groups of words Three kinds of Conjunctions 1. Coordinating Conjunctions 2. Correlative Conjunctions 3. Subordination Conjunctions

 And  but  for  nor  or  so  yet

 Work in pairs to join words and groups of words Both…………..and Whether………or Not only………but also Neither ………nor Either ………..or Example Both the puppy and the kitten were asleep on the mat.

 Introduce subordinating clauses (clauses that cannot stand alone as sentences) and joins them to independent clauses. After although as though even though As as if before so that Since unless when in order that While whereas Example While Danny was asleep, the dog ate his sandwich.

 Words or phrases that show feeling and emotion Examples Stop! You’re making too much noise. Uh- oh, here comes the hall monitor.