Age of Exploration 1450-1750

PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: Portugal was the first European country to establish trading outposts in AFRICA. The Portuguese believed to get to ASIA by sea they would have to sail around the tip of Africa (CAPE of GOOD HOPE)

PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: 1488 – Portuguese explorer BARTOLOMEU DIAS was the first to sail around AFRICA but did not continue on to Asia

PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: 1498- Portuguese explorer VASCO DA GAMA rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached INDIA IMPACTS: All water trade route to Asia Portugal built a trading empire in the Indian Ocean Broke up the MUSLIM - ITALIAN domination in the Asian trade market

PORTUGAL LEADS THE WAY: how: Portugal sold goods much CHEAPER (about 1/5 the cost) As a result of Portugal’s SUCCESS other European nations wanted to establish their own TRADING empires in ASIA

SPAIN: In Spain, MUSLIMS called Moors controlled the country from 700’S until the 1100’S

SPAIN: Christians tried to win back control and began the RECONQUISTA RECONQUISTA - campaign to recapture Spain from the Muslims By the 1400’s the Muslims were driven out of most of Spain – the only area they held onto was GRANADA

SPAIN: In 1492 the Muslims were defeated in Granada by the Christian army Spain was united by the rule of King FERDINAND and Queen ISABELLA

SPAIN: They set up a rigid CATHOLIC society to increase their power INQUISITION - this was a court held by the church under their rule

SPAIN: People whose RELIGIOUS beliefs differed from the teachings of the Church were labeled HERETICS - brutally tortured Most were JEWS & MUSLIMS Later in 1492 all JEWS and MUSLIMS were expelled from Spain

SPAIN: With the help of the INQUISITION Spain was unified under Christianity The success of PORTUGAL inspired Spain to try and gain a share of the WEALTHY spice trade in Asia

SPAIN: 1492 FINANCE WEST NINA PINTA SANTA MARIA In Italian sailor Christopher Columbus convinced Spain to his plan of reaching Asia by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean He set out in August with three ships: 1492 FINANCE WEST NINA PINTA SANTA MARIA

SPAIN: INDIA CARIBBEAN INDIANS Two months later, Columbus thought he had reached the islands off the coast of (East Indies) when in fact he landed in the , he mistakenly called the natives who greeted him INDIA CARIBBEAN INDIANS http://dase.laits.utexas.edu/media/not_even_past/mp3/100503688.mp3

SPAIN: THREE COLONIES COLONIES COLONIZATION Columbus made additional voyages and claimed land for Spain The Spanish intended to transform these lands into : lands that are controlled by another nation Columbus’ first trip opened the way for and forever changed the world THREE COLONIES COLONIES COLONIZATION

SPAIN: CONFLICT WITH PORTUGAL Portugal believed Columbus claimed lands for Spain that they had previously visited; they too sent explorers West: 1500 Pedro Alvares Cabral – claimed 1507 Amerigo Vespucci – realized land was NOT Asia but a new 1519 Ferdinand Magellan – sailed around South America into the ; became the first to circumnavigate the world TREATY OF TORDESILLAS – imaginary dividing line for claiming lands signed by Spain & Portugal BRAZIL CONTINENT PACIFIC SAIL AROUND

SPAIN IN AMERICA: WEALTH CHRISTIANITY CONQUISTADORS FIRST COLONIES Following Columbus – many Spaniards traveled to the Americas Why? (gold) & spread (God) These explorers were called The Spanish were the European settlers in the Americas – they established in Mexico, South America, and the United States WEALTH CHRISTIANITY CONQUISTADORS FIRST COLONIES

SPAIN IN AMERICA: HERNANDO CORTES FRANCISCO PIZZARO EXAMPLES: 1521 – conquered AZTECS and conquered Mexico for Spain 1532 – conquered INCAS and captured city of Cuzco in 1533

SPAIN IN AMERICA: EXAMPLES: Ponce De Leon Coronado Florida Southwest U.S. “Fountain of Youth”

MEASLES, MUMPS, SMALL POX, TYPHUS SPAIN IN AMERICA: Superior - armor, muskets, cannons, horses Many Native Americans the harsh rule of Aztecs & Incas (willing to help Spanish – hoped life would improve with change) - Native Americans were exposed to new ones: Had no - killed millions WEAPONRY HATED DISEASES MEASLES, MUMPS, SMALL POX, TYPHUS IMMUNITY

SPANISH EMPIRE: 1500’s CALIFORNIA 1) GOVERNMENT 2) RELIGION 3) CULTURE During the the Spanish Empire spread from to South America – Spain brought many changes to the Americas 1500’s CALIFORNIA 1) GOVERNMENT 2) RELIGION 3) CULTURE

ENCOMIENDA SLAVERY EXPLOITED BADLY HUMAN 4) ECONOMY Spanish set up the system: Land in America was given to conquistadors or landlords by the Spanish government – landlords forced natives to farm, ranch, mine for them (form of Spanish the land for its resources and treated the natives - many abuses of rights ENCOMIENDA SLAVERY EXPLOITED BADLY HUMAN

5) SOCIAL CLASSES I. PENINSULARES II. CREOLES III. MESTIZOS IV. MULATTOES V. NATIVE Americans & slaves AFRICAN

BIBLIOGRAPHY: Robert Simmon and Reto Stöckli. Sydney, Australia. Digital image. Fotopedia. NASA Earth Observatory, 12 Oct. 2005. Web. 8 May 2014. <http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-7651359238>. Portuguese. Retrato De Vasco Da Gama.png. Digital image. Wikipedia. Mediawiki, n.d. Web. 8 May 2014. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Retrato_de_Vasco_da_Gama.png>.