Biomolecules Carbon Compounds Macromolecules Organic Molecules

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Presentation transcript:

Biomolecules Carbon Compounds Macromolecules Organic Molecules Ch. 2-3 Page 46-49 in your book

Macromolecules “Giant molecules” Four types of organic macromolecules -Carbohydrates -Lipids (fats) -Proteins -Nucleic acids Monomers – small single unit that builds polymers Polymers- many of the small units built together for a large molecule

Carbohydrates Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio Functions: -Main source of energy for living things -Structural purposes in plants Examples: simples sugars- glucose, complex carbs- starch

Carbohydrate Structure Glucose- C6H12O6- (Monomer) Starch- (Polymer)

Lipids Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (mostly hydrogen and carbon) Functions: -Store energy (more energy than carbs) -Cell membranes - Insulation (keep warm) Examples: fats, oils, waxes Many are made of a glycerol and a fatty acid (No monomer/polymer)

Lipid Structure Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids No monomer- just one structure

Proteins Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Made of a chain of amino acids (monomer) Functions: -Control the rate of reactions (enzymes) -Regulate cell processes -Form bones and muscle -Transport substances in and out of cell -Help fight disease

Protein Structure Monomer- Amino Acid Polymer- Polypeptide Chain

Nucleic Acids Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Made of nucleotides Functions: -Store and pass on genetic information Examples: DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acid Structure Nucleotide- 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base- monomer Polymer- DNA/RNA

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