Chapter 14 – Lesson 3 Pages

 In 1819, the US was made up of 11 free states and 11 slave states  They had equal places on the US Senate  In 1819, Missouri asked for statehood as a slave state  Free states were in arms John Calhoun (South) believed states had a right to make decisions about issues that concerned them Henry Clay (Kentucky) compromised that Missouri could be added as a slave state if Maine was added as a free state

 What about the land from the Louisiana Purchase???  What do you think they needed to do?

 As of 1849, the number of free and slave states was balanced.  When California applied for statehood, it applied as a free state  John Calhoun and Henry Clay again stepped forth  Needed a compromise to keep the North and South from splitting apart over slavery  Clay suggested that the south let California in as free if they passed the Fugitive Slave Law Henry Clay of Kentucky “The Great Compromiser”

 According the F.S.L., escaped slaved had to be returned to their owners even if they reached the northern states  Clay also suggested that any new states could allow slavery as long as the people living there voted for it  Daniel Webster, Mass. Senator, was against slavery but for the compromise

 Illinois Senator, Stephen Douglas, proposed that Nebraska be split into two territories: Kansas Territory (south) and Nebraska Territory (north)  Both territories would be north of the Missouri Compromise line, but southerners were insisting that slavery be allowed in both  Congress passed a law with the help of Douglas to allow each territory to decide (Kansas- Nebraska Act)

 Since a majority vote decided whether Kansas was free or slave, people who had opinions rushed to settle Kansas  Kansas voted for slavery  Many of the people who voted were not from Kansas at all  North was calling the vote illegal  South disagreed  Violence ensued – called a small civil war by some Two actors in a movie based on the fighting in Kansas. To fit with the time period, their clothing is similar to that of the 1850s. They are also prepared for a fight at any moment.

 Things that happened to divide the country…  Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It described the cruelties of slavery. Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, had been taken to free states by his master who later died. Scott went to court claiming to be a free man. Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, had been taken to free states by his master who later died. Scott went to court claiming to be a free man. The Supreme Court ruled that African- Americans had no rights, because they were not citizens of the United StatesThe Supreme Court ruled that African- Americans had no rights, because they were not citizens of the United States

 John Brown, an abolitionist, had led attacks on those who were pro-slavery in Kansas  He plotted to attack slave owners in Virginia  Planned to steal weapons from the army’s arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia  Brown and 21 others raided for the weapons  They were caught, many were killed  Brown was hanged for his opposition to slavery

The issue of slavery led to the end of one political party (Whigs) and the beginning of another In 1854, Whigs who opposed slavery joined with others who were against slavery to form the Republican party 1858 Campaign for U.S. Senate in Illinois Both candidates were incredible speakers Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln “The Rail-Splitter” Democrats chose Stephen Douglas “The Little Giant” Douglas won the election, but Lincoln made his name known

In the election of 1860, Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln Lincoln won the election without winning any southern electoral votes Southerners were worried they would have no voice in the new government North and South saw each other as the enemy The time of compromise had passed