The Human Organism: Introduction to Human Body Systems PART 2 TPJ 3M Nicole Klement

Human Organ Systems 1. Skeletal 2. Muscular 3. Circulatory 4. Immune 5. Respiratory 6. Digestive 7. Excretory 8. Reproductive 9. Nervous 10. Endocrine 11. Integumentary

History of The Circulatory System Once thought to be the origin of emotions since it beat faster when a person was scared or excited, we now know that that is not the heart’s function.

Function of The Human Circulatory System 1. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide 2. Distribution of nutrients and transport of wastes 3. Maintenance of body temperature 4. Circulation of hormones

Structures of The Circulatory system 1. BLOOD fluid in which materials are transported 2. BLOOD VESSELS Veins and arteries act as spaces throughout the body in which the fluid moves -no cell in the body is further away than two cells from a blood vessel that carries nutrients and oxygen -there are km of blood vessels in your body to sustain your 100 trillion cells 3. A PUMP The heart pushes the fluid through the blood vessels or spaces - the heart is about as large as the size of your fist and has a mass of 30g - the heart beats about 72 beats/minute from the beginning of life until death - during an average lifetime, the heart pumps enough blood to fill two large ocean tankers

Fact  Your heart beats times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 ml of blood. How many milliliters are pumped in 24 hours?

Answer ml OR 5184 liter bottles

Organs of The circulatory system 1. Veins 2. Arteries 3. Capillaries 4. (Blood) 5. Heart

Veins  Veins carry blood back to the heart.  Veins have valves  2 major veins carry return blood from your body to your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood from your head and the inferior vena cava from your lower body

Arteries  Carry blood away from your heart  Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and smooth muscle

Capillaries  Microscopic blood vessels.  Walls are only one cell thick  Bloodshot eyes  Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries

Blood  Carries oxygen from lungs to body  Takes carbon dioxide away  Carries waste products to kidneys  Transports nutrients  Cells in blood fight infections

Blood  Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water.  Platelets ;help with clotting  Red blood cells: made at rate of 2- 3 million per second.  White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etc

Blood Types  4 types  A, B, AB, O  Types A, B, AB have antigens coating their surface. Rh factor  Wrong type of blood will kill you  Type “O” is universal

Fact  First blood transfusion was in early 1800”s.  French physician Jean Baptiste Denis successfully used sheep’s blood. His second patient died.

Heart  Made of cardiac muscle tissue  Has 4 compartments called chambers: two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.  Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other muscle

Diagram of Human Heart Anterior view Aorta Pulmonary artery Left atrium Mitral Valve Left Ventricle Superior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle

Blood flow through The Cardiovascular System  Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.  Systemic circulation happens when Oxygen rich blood moving to all tissues and organs of the body  Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart.

 Also called myocardium is found only in the heart  More mitochondria than skeletal muscle (about 35% occupations) Cardiac Muscle

Myocardium (heart muscle) has its own built in electrochemical activator Called a pacemaker The pacemaker produces a heart beat independent of the Central Nervous System (we don’t need to think about it) Electrical Impulses & the Heart

Atherosclerosis  Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats can cause these deposits to form.  Not all cholesterol is bad, and is essential for health.

Heart  When these arteries are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a heart attack

Help for the Circulatory System  defibrillators  pacemakers  heart transplant  artificial heart - 1st artificial heart: 1982, Jarvik-7, patient lived 112 days  Ottawa researchers close to production of artificial heart HeartSaverVAD (ventricular assist device)

Blood pressure  The force of the blood against the walls of your blood vessels. Measured in two numbers: 1. Systolic is the first number and measures your heart pumping. 2. Diastolic is the second number and measures pressure that occurs as the ventricles fill with blood before they contract again.

Systolic Pressure  Also referred to as systole  It is the highest pressure recorded in the heart (usually ~ 120 mmHg at rest)  It is the work phase of the heart when blood pumped out to your body

Diastolic Pressure  Also referred to as diastole  It is the lowest pressure recorded in the heart (usually ~ 80 mmHg at rest)  It is the rest phase of the heart when blood is filling into the ventricles

Measuring Blood Pressure Blood pressure: the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury or mm Hg. Measuring blood pressure  - cuff on and tightened to pressure greater than 120 mm Hg (about 160)  - cuff pressure gradually reduced until stethoscope can detect blood passing through (systole value)  - reduction in pressure continued until sound disappears (diastole)

Classification of Blood Pressure for adults over 18