Cross-cultural Leadership

Leadership in Western vs. Asian Countries Culture-specific vs Leadership in Western vs. Asian Countries Culture-specific vs. culture-universal Culture Satisfaction with work with supervision Role ambiguity Organizational commitment Job performance Leadership behaviors

The Study Sample - 1,598 managers and professionals from electronics manufacturing firms in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, and the United States Leader behaviors measured – directive, supportive, contingent reward, contingent punishment, charisma, and participation

Results Japan Commitment Satisfaction Role ambiguity Directive Supportive + + Contingent + + reward Contingent punishment - Charisma Participation

Results South Korea Commitment Satisfaction Role ambiguity Directive Supportive + - Contingent + reward Contingent punishment Charisma + + Participation

Results Taiwan Commitment Satisfaction Role ambiguity Directive + + - Supportive + + Contingent + reward Contingent - punishment Charisma Participation

Results Mexico Commitment Satisfaction Role ambiguity Directive + - Supportive + + Contingent + reward Contingent punishment Charisma + Participation

Results United States Commitment Satisfaction Role ambiguity Directive Supportive + - Contingent + + reward Contingent - punishment Charisma + Participation