Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy

Trends in Antebellum America: New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion. 1.New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842, defined the border between the U.S. and Canada in the areas of Maine and Minnesota 1842, defined the border between the U.S. and Canada in the areas of Maine and Minnesota

Texas Annexation

Stephen Austin Established the first American colony in Texas and fought for Texas independence Established the first American colony in Texas and fought for Texas independence

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Mexican general who fought against Texan’s quest for independence Mexican general who fought against Texan’s quest for independence

The Alamo A mission fort in San Antonio, Texas where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836 A mission fort in San Antonio, Texas where Mexican forces massacred rebellious Texans in 1836 Also known as Davey Crockett’s last stand Also known as Davey Crockett’s last stand

Sam Houston  Defeated Mexican forces to gain Texas Independence and became the first President of the Republic of Texas

Problems with Texas Annexation Annexation of Texas was not easy Annexation of Texas was not easy Many feared adding another slave state to the union Many feared adding another slave state to the union

The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would gain California at any price.  Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border.  US would forgive American citizens’ claims against the Mexican govt.  US would purchase the New Mexico area for $5,000,000.  US would gain California at any price. John Slidell

Mexican War President Polk wanted territories held by Mexico (New Mexico and California) President Polk wanted territories held by Mexico (New Mexico and California) Polk and general Zachary Taylor provoked a war with Mexico Polk and general Zachary Taylor provoked a war with Mexico U.S. defeated Mexico and gained lands in the Southwestern U.S. U.S. defeated Mexico and gained lands in the Southwestern U.S.

Treaty of Guadalupe- Hidalgo, 1848  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000).  Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.  Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over $3,500,000). The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico!

Results of the Mexican War?  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.  The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease).  New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)  These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.  Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President.  Manifest Destiny partially realized.

The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

49er’s Gold is discovered in California in 1848 Gold is discovered in California in saw an increase in California’s population 1849 saw an increase in California’s population People were moving to mine for gold People were moving to mine for gold

Wilmot Proviso Proposed that none of the territories gained by the U.S. war with Mexico be open to slavery Proposed that none of the territories gained by the U.S. war with Mexico be open to slavery

Texas After independence, Texas made treaties with major European powers After independence, Texas made treaties with major European powers Became close to England Became close to England This worried Americans because of perceived violations to the Monroe Doctrine This worried Americans because of perceived violations to the Monroe Doctrine

Texas Why else would the U.S. be worried about a Texas-Great Britain alliance? Why else would the U.S. be worried about a Texas-Great Britain alliance?

Texas The U.S. did not want to lose out on cotton and ability to expand The U.S. did not want to lose out on cotton and ability to expand The main issue or admittance was slave expansion into Texas The main issue or admittance was slave expansion into Texas

Slavocracy A Northern view that Southern states were trying to annex land into the U.S. in order to expand slavery A Northern view that Southern states were trying to annex land into the U.S. in order to expand slavery Applied this concept to Texas Applied this concept to Texas

James K. Polk The original “darkhorse” presidential candidate in the 1844 election The original “darkhorse” presidential candidate in the 1844 election

James K. Polk Ran on four campaign promises Ran on four campaign promises Lower tariffs Lower tariffs Restore the independent treasury Restore the independent treasury Settle the Oregon border dispute Settle the Oregon border dispute Get California Get California

“54-40 or Fight” Polk’s campaign slogan in the 1844 election Polk’s campaign slogan in the 1844 election Referred to the annexation and boundary settings in the Oregon territory Referred to the annexation and boundary settings in the Oregon territory

Mexican-American Tension U.S. wanted California but Mexico would not sell because of strained relations U.S. wanted California but Mexico would not sell because of strained relations Texas and Mexico began a dispute over Texas’ southern boundary Texas and Mexico began a dispute over Texas’ southern boundary

Mexican-American Tension Polk sends U.S. troops to the disputed border led by Zachary Taylor Polk sends U.S. troops to the disputed border led by Zachary Taylor Taylor reports casualties caused by the Mexican army Taylor reports casualties caused by the Mexican army Polk asks, and receives a declaration of war from congress Polk asks, and receives a declaration of war from congress

Spot Resolution A group of congressmen wanted to know the exact spot of the fighting to determine if it was on American soil before committing to the war A group of congressmen wanted to know the exact spot of the fighting to determine if it was on American soil before committing to the war Abraham Lincoln was one of the main leaders Abraham Lincoln was one of the main leaders

Wilmot Proviso Proposed that none of the territories gained by the U.S. war with Mexico be open to slavery Proposed that none of the territories gained by the U.S. war with Mexico be open to slavery