Periodic Table of Elements

Organization of the Periodic Table Similar elements are grouped together Arranged based on the number of protons an atom of that element has in its nucleus Hydrogen has 1 proton, so it is the first element on the chart. Periodic Law When elements are arranged by the number of protons, similarities in their properties will occur in a regular pattern. 02

Periods- horizontal rows in the periodic table. Number of protons and electrons increase from left to right across a period. Groups- vertical columns in the periodic table. Elements in the same groups have similar properties because: THEY HAVE THE SAME NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

Metals Luster-metallic shine Usually solids at room temperature Malleable-they can be hammered, pounded or pressed into different shapes without breaking. Ductile-they can be drawn into thin sheets or wires without breaking Good conductors of heat and electricity- thermal and electrical energy flow through them easily. All elements to the LEFT of the “stairs”; EXCEPT HYDROGEN

Group 1-Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Very reactive and not often found as elements in nature, but found bonded to other atoms instead. Contain 1 valence electron and generally forms a +1 cation. Color the alkali metals YELLOW. Remember: Do NOT color hydrogen yet. Be sure to make a color key at the bottom.

Group 2-Alkaline Earth Metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Two valence electrons Sometimes form ions with a +2 charge and combine with other elements to form compounds Not as reactive as Group 1 elements. Color the Alkaline Earth Metals purple. Be sure to make a color key at the bottom.

Groups 3-12 Transition Metals Many elements within these groups can form as many as four differently charged cations (+1, +2, +3, +4) The properties of transition metals gradually shift from being more similar to Group 2 elements to being more similar to Group 13 elements. Color the transition metals orange. Be sure to make a color key at the bottom.

Semiconductors-AKA Metalloids B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te are considered to be nonmetals but have certain metal characteristics. Some are good conductors when heated, while others have some luster. Color the Semiconductors green. Be sure to add it to your key.

Nonmetals Found to the right of the “staircase” in Groups 14-18 Includes Hydrogen They rarely have metallic luster They are usually gases at room temperature. Nonmetallic solids are neither malleable nor ductile. They are poor conductors of electricity.

Group 17-Halogens F, Cl, Br, I, At Usually gain an electron to form a -1 charge and are therefore very reactive Ex: NaCl Color the halogens pink. Be sure to make a color key at the bottom.

Group 18-Noble [Inert] Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Exist as single atoms because they have complete valence shells and they do not bond well with other atoms. Color the Noble Gases blue. Be sure to make a color key at the bottom.