1. Chapter 2.1 Elements

2. Elements
Element = pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Elements are made of only one type of atom

3. Element Symbols
Each element has a symbol, which is either one or two letters.
The first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is lower case.
Some elements have symbols that don’t seem to make sense. This is because the symbol comes from the element’s Latin name. (Example: Mercury = Hg. Latin name = hydragyrum)

4. Elements
Elements can be divided into two categories : Metals and Non-Metals
Metals tend to be:
Hard (at room temperature)
Shiny
Malleable (can be pounded into sheets)
Ductile (can be stretched into wires)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Non-metals tend to be:
Gases or brittle (crumbly or breakable) solids at room temperature

5. Chapter 2.2 Periodic Table & Chemical Properties

6. The Periodic Table
In the periodic table, elements are organized according to physical and chemical properties
Each box of the periodic table lists information about the atoms that make up the element

7. Information on Periodic Table
Name of the element
Chemical symbol
Atomic # = # of protons in the nucleus of each atom
**The elements are arranged on the table according to their atomic number
Average atomic mass = the weight of each atom
Atomic mass – atomic # = # of neutrons
Ion charge = electric charge of its atoms when they gain/lose electrons

8. Metals, Non-Metals and Metalloids
Elements can be divided into three groups: metals, non-metals and metalloids
Metalloids are elements that share properties with both the metals and the non-metals.
Metals are found on the left, non-metals on the right and metalloids between the two
Metalloids and non-metals form a zigzag staircase towards the right side

10. Periods and Families The periodic table has another pattern…
Elements in a group (vertical column) have similar properties
Elements in a group are often called a chemical family

12. Groups: Alkali Metals (group 1) Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Highly reactive (reactivity increases as you go down the group)
Low melting point
Very soft metals
Low density

13. Groups: Alkaline Earth Metals (group 2) Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Highly reactive (less than group 1 though)
Fairly soft metals
Low density

14. Groups: Halogens (group 17) F, Cl, Br, I, At Non-metals
Highly reactive
Gas at room temperature (except Br)

15. Groups: Noble Gases (group 18) He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
The most stable, unreactive elements
Colourless, odourless gases )at room temperature)