I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia II I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire III. The Development and Spread of World Religions

I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia A. Decline and Fall in Han China Han recover in 1st century C.E. Yellow Turbans 184 C.E., revolution Han falls in 220 Three kingdoms emerge Buddhism attractive Attacked by Daoists Spreads through China by 400 Modified by Chinese Influences Daoism Confucianism declines Late 6th century Sui dynasty reunites China Tang Succeed, 618 Asia, c. 600 C.E.

Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period I. Upheavals in Eastern and Southern Asia B. The End of the Guptas: Decline in India Chandragupta II Height of Gupta dynasty Huns Invade in 5th century Control northwest by 500 Gupta dynasty loses power, 550 Harsha Later Gupta Rules smaller state briefly Rajput Follow Harsha's rule Buddhism displaced by Hinduism Devi - mother god Caste system stronger Muslim invaders 7th century Control Indian Ocean by 700 Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period

II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire A. The Causes of Roman Decline Decline from late 2nd century C.E. Challenges Population declining Army recruitment difficult Conquest ceases Source of slavery ended Tax revenues less Constitutional crises Plagues Former ruling class devoted to leisure Germanic peoples recruited

II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire B. The Process of Roman Decline Great estates grow Decline of small farmers Diocletian (284-305) Reorganization Economic control Increased administration Constantine (312-337) Capital at Constantinople Converts to Christianity Romulus Augustulus Last western Roman emperor Deposed, 476

Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions II. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire C. Results of the Fall of Rome Mediterranean unity ended Three zones created Byzantine Empire Greatest continuity North Africa, southern Mediterranean Substantial disruption Regional kingdoms Muslim and Christian Europe Germanic kingdoms emerge Civilization declines Christian unity Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions A. Christianity and Buddhism Compared Commonalities: Focus on spiritual Monastic movements Afterlife Mahayana Savior of Chinese Buddhism Bodhisattvas and priests Differences: Christianity Hierarchy, church Missionizing Exclusive truth

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions B. Early Christianity Jewish reform movement Tenets One loving god Christ's sacrifice won afterlife Paul of Tarsus Instrumental in forming Christian religion

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions C. Christianity Gains Ground Approx. 10% of empire by 300 Constantine converts, legalizes Christianity West Bishops important Church inherits secular structure Doctrinal disputes Council of Nicaea, 325 Leo I First powerful pope Augustine Philosopher Important in forming Christian theology Monasticism Important in preservation of learning Benedict of Nursia Benedictine Rule, 6th century Basil Organizes Orthodox monasticism

III. The Development and Spread of World Religions D. The New Religious Map E. In the Wake of Decline and Fall China Political cohesion India Culturally unified Roman Empire Most affected Least continuity