Plant-like- Algae Animal-like- Protozoa Fungi-like- Slime Molds KINGDOM PROTISTA Plant-like- Algae Animal-like- Protozoa Fungi-like- Slime Molds

PHYLUM CHOROPHYTA (GREEN ALGAE)

GREEN ALGAE CHLAMYDOMONAS SPIROGYRA Movement- two flagella (swimming type motion) Pyrenoid- synthesizes starch Red eyespot Chloroplasts Sexual and asexual reproduction Cell wall SPIROGYRA End-to-end chains of cells or filaments Attach to rocks and other objects Ponds and streams Ribbonlike appearance Sexual reproduction-conjugation Chloroplasts

CONTINUED GREEN ALGAE ULVA (sea lettuce) Chlorophyll a and b Stores reserve food as starch Thallus- body of two cells thick Alternation of generation- next generation identical copies

VOLVOX Well-known colonial green algae Hollow sphere with thousands of cells with watery interior Cells cooperate with flagella beating in a coordinative fashion Asexual reproduction Daughter colony resides within the parent colony for a time

PHYLUM RHODOPHYTA (RED ALGAE)

RED ALGAE GRACILARIA AND GELIDIUM Ocean habitat Simple filaments to complex branches with feathery, flat ribbon-like appearance Commercially- agar, vitamins, drugs, dental impressions, cosmetics Red in color Agar for growing bacteria cultures Gelatin for jams and jellies

PHYLUM PHAEOPHYTA (BROWN ALGAE)

BROWN ALGAE LAMINARIA (KELP) Other types: Macrocystis Fucus Largest sea weed in ocean Holdfasts- holds kelp to ocean floor Bladder- allows blades to float to ocean surface Chlorophylls a and c Commercially- human food, fertilizers, ice cream, sherbet, cream cheese Other types: Macrocystis Fucus

PHYLUM CHRYSOPHYTA DIATOMS Some golden-brown algae and some yellow-green algae Freshwater and marine environments Resemble hat box (two part shell- top and a bottom) Asexual and sexual reproduction Cell wall of silica (commonly used to make glass) Diatomaceous earth- remains of diatoms on the ocean floor Commercially- filters, polishes, toothpaste, soundproof materials

PHYLUM PYRROPHYTA (DINOFLAGELLATES) Chlorophylls a and c Yellow-green and some brown Locomotion- Two flagella Bioluminescence (produces light) Food for small animals in ocean Some lack chloroplasts and are heterotrophic Overpopulation can cause “Red Tide” (gives the appearance of the water appearing red) which can cause massive fish kills Humans who consume shellfish that have fed during Red Tide can get ill from toxic poisons

PHYLUM EUGLENOPHYTA (EUGLENA) Some autotrophs and some heterotrophs (no chloroplasts) Locomotion- flagella Eyespot to sense light Ponds and ditches Some photosynthetic Contractile vacuoles Nucleus

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGOPHORA (ZOOFLAGELLATES) Heterotrophic protozoans Some parasitic- Trypanosoma transmit African Sleeping Sickness as the tsetse fly becomes the carrier Disease causes infection of WBCs and inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA (CILIATES)

PARAMECIUM Phylum Ciliophora Locomotion- cilia Free living/ no diseases Found in ditches and ponds Trichocysts- oval capsule under the pellicle Food and contractile vacuoles Oral groove and gullet Binary fission/conjugation Macro- and micronuclei

STENTOR PHYLUM CILIOPHORA Vase-shaped Expands to consume paramecium Cilia lines the top

PHYLUM RHIZODOPA (AMOEBA) Locomotion- pseudopod Phagocytosis Most common- amoeba proteus Food and contractile vacuole Nucleus Cytoplasm in plasma membrane Entamoeba histolytica- lives in human intestines and causes amoebic dysentery (can be fatal)

PHYLUM ACTINOPODA (FORAMINIFERAS) Made of calcium carbonate Multi-chambered Locomotion-Pseudopod Dead foraminiferas collect on the bottom of the ocean floor and are indicators of oil deposits Millions of years ago they collected and formed the White Cliffs of Dover in England Some found in pyramids the size of silver dollars Some also found in Mississippi

PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA (SPOROZOANS)

PLASMODIUM Immovable except by host Causes malaria Life cycle alternates sexual and asexual phases Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers Release toxic substances into the blood that invade the red blood cells Replicate in red blood cells and burst open Symptoms: fever, chills

Pneumocystic carinii Type of pneumonia seen in AIDS patients Cysts form in lining of air sacs Cysts containing spores divide until bursts open and spores released

SLIME MOLDS PHYLUM MYXOMYCOTA PHYLUM ACRASIOMYCOTA Sporangium- reproductive structure that produces spores Feed on phagocytic decaying plants in forest areas or agricultural fields Spores can survive dry areas until moisture is sufficient for them to germinate Reproduces with spores PHYLUM ACRASIOMYCOTA Common in soil where they feed on bacteria and yeasts Pseudoplasmodium Reproduces with spores