The Information Superhighway

An Information Infrastruture

Infrastructure promote economic gain increase a country’s competitive edge National Information Infrastructure expensive to build - last mile problem funding- National Research and Educational Network (NREN) - link universities

Services need new services to pay for expensive structure example - on demand video downstream bandwidth - refers to the capacity of a channel to deliver info to the customer upstream bandwidth - from the customer to the service provider

Growth over 150,000 customers are becoming connected to Internet look at the problem of CompuServe the superhighway is not yet here, but close and we call it the Internet Internet is a WAN

History started in 1969 ARPANET - Advanced Research Projects Agency Network linked DOD research centers with universities developed the popular TCP/IP protocol no central headquarters - possible nuclear attack

History Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) – NSF net Backbone now provided by various corporations Various corporations help define standards Internet2 Next Generation internet (NGI)

NGI and Internet 2 2 big networks in the US NGI - Next Generation Internet promise to be 10 to 1000 xs faster more than 600 million earmarked first offer services to educational and governmental research

Decentralized uncontrollable growth largest system in the world 1/3 of all business mail is sent electronically mail addresses have 2 parts user name and domain name

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS Internet Service Providers and Online Services –Have permanent connections to the Internet –Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee –Local and national ISPs –Online services offer member only areas

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS Connecting to the Internet –Business or school network connected to the Internet –Dial-up Access –ISDN –Cable Modems –Wireless –Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS How Data travels the Internet –Servers –Clients –Packets –Routers –Packet Switching –TCP – IP (Transmission Control Protocol – Internet Protocol)

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS How Data Travels the Internet –Backbone –Network Access Points (NAPs) –Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs) –National ISPs (Backbone providers)

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS Internet Addresses –IP (Internet Protocol) Address Geographic Region Company or Organization Computer Group Specific Computer –Domain Name Top Level Domain (.edu,.com,.net etc..) Purdue (purdue.edu) and MIT(mit.edu) were among the first 10 domain names registered in the world

Communications & Connectivity The Internet

Communications & Connectivity The Internet

Communications & Connectivity The Internet

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( )

jdoe is username account is a name of a machine smith is the name of the company.com is the domain name category

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( )

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet

Telnet run programs on a remote host, play interactive games, and use remote library card catalogs Internet’s remote login application once connected, the session appears to be same as if you terminal connected to that host

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet File Transfer Protocol

FTP File Transfer Protocal ftp is a client program use it to access public files (archives)

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet File Transfer Protocol

Communications & Connectivity The Internet Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher

Communications & Connectivity The Internet WWW Electronic Mail ( ) Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher

Communications & Connectivity The Internet WWW Electronic Mail ( ) World Wide Web Telnet File Transfer Protocol Gopher

THE WORLD WIDE WEB WWW Started in 1991 Hyperlinks (Links) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ( Web Server Web Master

Browser Software that retrieves, interprets and displays Web pages 2 major browsers : Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator Netscape is the improved commercial version of Mosaic, the first graphical web browser created in 1993 by University of Illinois students

URL Uniform Resource Locator address composed of a protocol identifier, a server address and a file pathname example: e.html

URL Disected http is the protocol netscape is the server com is the type netscape.com is the domain name /home/welcome.html is the pathname /home is the folder welcome is the filename html is the extension

URL domain names in a URL are case- sensitive Internet sites continuously undergo name and address changes

Finding What’s Cool spend too much time searching for unique and interesting site Netscape routinely scouts the Internet for unusual sites and then places links to those URLs on its What’s Cool page. Netscape also compiles a list of What’s New. Anyone can submit the name and URL of a new page, but Netscape reserves the right to reject any entry

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES Chat Rooms –Real Time Conversation –Channels –Chat Clients Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Microsoft Chat

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES Instant Messaging –Notifies when certain people you select are online –Allows you to exchange messages or join private chat

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES Portals –A Web site designed to offer a variety of Internet services from a single convenient location –Free Services Search Engine News Weather Sports , shopping and chat rooms –Web communities

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE (e-commerce) Conducting Business Activities Online Electronic Data Interchange Three types of commerce –Business to Consumer (B-to-C, B2C) –Consumer to Consumer (C-to-C, C2C) –Business to Business (B-to-B, B2B) Electronic Money Digital Certificates

Connectivity Full Access to World-Wide Computer Network Fall 1996

Future modem speeds have increased, so has the amount of bandwidth the many Internet applications use to prevent future traffic jams, some major Internet projects are underway