Mr. Davis Social Studies 7 Warriors Egypt Test Study Guide Mr. Davis Social Studies 7 Warriors

1. Explain factors that influenced where people settled Fresh water is needed to drink Water to bathe in prevents disease Rivers were used as “highways” for trade

2. What was the most important physical feature of Ancient Egypt and Kush? The Nile River

3. Define the term delta. An area of sediment deposited at the mouth of the river

4. How did deserts play an important role in the development of Egypt? They formed a natural barrier to protect people living near the Nile

5. How did the Nile River provifr natural irrigation and fertilization? Every summer, the river overflowed and soaked the dry ground, leaving rich silt behind

6. Why did the settlements of Egypt and Kush cluster around the Nile River? It was a source of fresh water in an area that was mostly desert

7. What was the most important environmental factor in early human settlement? water

8. Define the term topography The shape of the land

9. Who was the pharaoh that built the Great Pyramid at Giza and established the central authority of the pharaohs? Khufu

10. Pharaoh Hatshepsut was famous for what? She demanded the same respect as a male pharaoh She was afraid people would challenge her authority due to her gender She had accomplished a great feat by becoming the first female ruler and intended to keep her position no matter the cost She renewed foreign trade

11. Who overthrew Hatshepsut and erased her name…? Thutmose III

12. Which ruler controlled Egypt for over 60 years? Ramses II

13. With which group was the world’s first peace treaty created? The Hittites

14. What does the ankh symbolize? Immortality

15. Who was the most important god to the Egyptians? Ra

16. Who was the judge of the dead? Anubis

17. How did most Egyptians worship their gods? Owning a small amulet or statue of the gods

18. Which social group was third on the social pyramid and played a role in burial practices? Priests

19. Explain key points about social class in Egypt. Most people belonged to the social class their parents did All classes cherished family life People married within their own social class. Children were highly valued

20. What rights did women have in ancient Egypt? They could own land They could run their own businesses They could file for divorces Ancient Egypt was very progressive and offered more rights than other civilizations from this era.

21. What were the top 3 government jobs? Vizier Chief Treasurer General of the Armies

22. Describe the embalming process All organs were removed EXCEPT THE HEART because it was believed its weight determined the dead person’s afterlife. Once the organs were removed, it took 70 days for the body to dry out using natron and salt.

23. Describe life as a scribe Had to memorize 700 hieroglyphics Eventually wrote on a paper called papyrus School was harsh—lasted from dawn to sunset, teachers were strict, often gave beatings!

24. What was life like for artisans? They were underappreciated and never acknowledged for their accomplishments If food was scarce, they were the ones who starved (”starving artists”)

25. Describe the three seasons of ther Nile Flooding: lasted from June to November, Nile overran its banks and fertilized land, peasants worked on building projects Planting: October, farmers and their wives would sow, plow using cattle Harvest: March, men would cut the crops with a sickle, women and children would gather the crops

26. What was the Rosetta Stone? An inscribed rock used to translate and understand hieroglyphics

27. What are key traits of Egyptian art? Different mediums: canvas, papyrus, plaster, pottery, wood Subjects vary: history, religion, and everyday life Unique style: heads and legs to the side, torso is straight on Important people and things are larger than everything else

28. What type of writing system did Egyptians use? Hieroglyphics

29. What natural embalming agent did they use during mummification? Natron

30. Belief in multiple gods is known as… polytheism

31. What was the economy of ancient Egypt based upon? Goods… (whatever people had: cloth, cows, grain, silver…)