The Neolithic Age Section 2 (Continued)

Civilization Government Classes Culture Specialization of Labor Food Surplus

Population growth leads to the development of civilization B.C. – 5 million people 4000 B.C. – 90 million people

What is the most important factor leading to an increase in population?

Food Surplus People remained in one place, building permanent shelters People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS” People remained in one place, building permanent shelters People produced more food than they needed for their families – “SURPLUS”

Early Villages: Earliest villages were located in SW Asia Dating to about 8000 B.C. Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk Earliest villages were located in SW Asia Dating to about 8000 B.C. Jericho, Abu Hureyra, Catal Huyuk

Jericho 8000 B.C. West Bank between Israel and Jordan

This is Jericho from the Bible

Jericho Today

Abu Hureyra 7500 B.C. Syria

Catal Huyuk 6500 – 5700 B.C. Turkey

Catal Huyuk Today

Drawing of Catal Huyuk

Specialization of Labor Development of occupations Fewer people to produce food and do other jobs Trade developed Pottery – carrying and storing food Cloth weaving Metal working – jewelry & weapons

Government Land ownership – set boundaries and protected their land Leader (chief) – settled disputes

Social Classes A difference between groups of a culture Based on education, income, or family Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures Today class varies from nation to nation A difference between groups of a culture Based on education, income, or family Earliest classes developed in ancient Mesopotamian cultures Today class varies from nation to nation

Other Signs of Culture Religion Language Clothing Celebrations Festivals Many More Religion Language Clothing Celebrations Festivals Many More

India Marriage is considered a marriage of two families not just two people The bride traditionally wears red (white signifies death in our culture) groom wears a traditional cream colored long coat called an etchkin with a red turban

Turkey Some follow Western dress Muslim men may marry Christian or Jewish women Muslim women must marry Muslim men or those who convert to Islam

Muslim Bride

Saudi Arabia

China

Korea

Nepal

Belgium: St. Nicholas & Pere Noel

Brazil & Peru: Papa Noel

Finland: Joulupukki Believe Santa lives at Korvatunturi in Finland “Christmas Land” in North Finland Believe Santa lives at Korvatunturi in Finland “Christmas Land” in North Finland

France: Père Noël

Germany: Father Christmas

Hungary: Winter- Grandfather

Russia: Father Frost

China: Shengdan Laoren

England: Father Christmas

Greece: St. Nicholas

Costa Rica, Colombia, and parts of Mexico, the gift bearer is el Niño Jesus, "the infant Jesus.“

Netherlands: Sinter Klaas He rides a white horse, leaving gifts in wooden shoes

Sweden: Jultomten

Japan: Santa Clause Children often call him "Santa no ojisan," which means "Uncle Santa."

Black Peter: Spain, Morocco, Holland, Netherlands

Italy: Babbo Natale (which means Father Christmas)

Food surplus Cities Government Religion Social classes Specialization Writing Trade/economics Public works Art and architecture