Warring City States Chapter 5 Section 2

Vocab Polis Acropolis Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy Tyrant Democracy Helot Phalanx Persian Wars

Rule and Order in Greek City States 750 B.C.E the city-state or polis was the fundamental political unit in Greece Polis: Made of city and surrounding countryside People would gather in the agora, (market place) or the acropolis to discuss politics

Political Structure City-states did not have all the same government Monarchy- ruled by single person- king Aristocracy-ruled by small group of noble, wealthy land owners Oligarchy- ruled by a few powerful people Democracy- ruled by the people

Tyrants Take Control Tyrants were not cruel and harsh Tyrants came to power by appealing to the common people Actually when they took power tyrants often set up public works projects in order to give jobs to the poor

Athens Builds a Democracy…Sort of 500 B.C.E. Athenian leader Cleisthenes reforms Athenian law He arranged the citizens into groups based on where they lived, not social class Allowed any citizen to submit laws to be debated However; only citizens had these rights: “free adult male property owners”

Athenian Education Boys Girls Study: reading, grammar, poetry, history, math, and music Trained in debate and public speaking Spent time in athletics everyday Went to military school to prepare for important citizen duty------DEFEND ATHENS No school Stay at home Learned child rearing, weaving cloth, preparing meals, managing the house Most women had very little to do with Athenian life outside the home

Sparta Builds a Military State 725 B.C.E Sparta takes over neighboring lands and turns the Messenians into helots 650 B.C.E. the Messenians revolt and the Spartans are just barely able to put down the revolt In turn dedicate themselves to becoming strong city-state

Spartan Daily Life 600 – 371 B.C.E Sparta had greatest army in Greece Came with a high cost Spartans did not value the arts or intellectual pursuits Valued duty, strength, and discipline Men expected to serve in military until 60 Daily life centered around military training From age 7-30 lived in military barracks under harsh conditions

Spartan Daily Life: Women Women would lead a difficult life too Running, wrestling, playing sports Women also taught to put service to Sparta above all else “come back with your shield or on it” Given considerable freedom in the house when men were away at war

Persian Wars