1. This is the Aegean Sea!

3. Polis:  Greek City-State  included a city and the surrounding land and villages  Usually located on a hill Acropolis:  fortified area on top of a hill  Below acropolis was agora: an open area where people could meet Acropolis of Athens

4. Theocracy Etymology Theos = god Kratos = power Meaning a religious body with political power (god is the ruler)

5. Monarchy Etymology Monos = alone Arkhein = to rule Meaning Rule of one

6. Oligarchy Etymology Oligos= few Arkhein = to rule Meaning Rule of a few

7. Democracy Etymology Demos = common people Kratos = power Meaning Power to the People (rule of many)

8. The Polis: Distinct City- States… People felt strong ties/loyalty to their city-state bitter rivalries between city-states led to continuous fighting lead to Greece’s down fall

9.  Ancient Greece was divided into city-states with their own type of government.  Major city-states: ◦ Athens ◦ Sparta ◦ Megara ◦ Corinth ◦ Olympia

11.  Largest city-state  Named for the goddess Athena  Emphasis: learning, art, music, and politics  Wealthy received education beginning at 7  Had a desire to control all the land in Greece (eventually led to war)  Women had limited rights

12.  Allowed citizens (adult, males, free) to participate in government decisions.  Solon, Cleisthenes and Pericles all worked to reform and strengthen Greek democracy at different times to help balance the power between rich and poor citizens.  Creation of juries, legislative debates, legislative councilors were all created by the Greeks.  Direct Democracy – Citizens rule directly and make their own laws rather than through representatives.

13. Athenian Women Take care of home Raise the children Seldom allowed in public No formal education Could not own property

14. Every male citizen had the right to attend the Assembly There they participated in the decision making process and voted on all government issues Athenians practiced ostracism* *a person could be banished from the city for 10 years with 6,000 votes from the government! Direct Democracy

15.  Focus on military  Boys left home at 7 and lived in the military barracks until they were 30 ◦ Encouraged to steal ◦ Slept on benches, given little clothing, had to hunt for food  Considered themselves the protectors of Greece  Women could own land, had more rights than those in Athens ◦ Why? They ran the city-state while the men were away fighting

17. The Persian Wars: Overview Despite their cultural ties, the Greek city-states were often in conflict with one another. The threat of the powerful Persian empire united the Greek city-states.

18. The Persian Wars: Overview United, the city-states defeated the Persians and ended the threat of Persian invasions. Persian prisoners

19. Persian Wars: The Outcome! Results Athens increases its status among the city-states. Athens enters into a Golden Age Athens formed the Delian League: an alliance of Greek city-states with them in charge Sparta is upset!

20. The Peloponnesian War: The Alliance System Fails!

21. The Peloponnesian War: CAUSES 1.Many Greeks outside of Athens resented Athenian domination. 2.Sparta formed the Peloponnesian League to rival the Delian League. 3.Sparta and Athens rivaling for supremacy…

22. A Mysterious Plague Hits Athens! During the war a plague (disease) sweeps through Athens Plague destroys 1/3 of Athenian population Kills many Athenians including Pericles This allows Sparta to win the war!!!!!!!!!

23. The Peloponnesian War: Effects 1.All the Greek city- states divided and in chaos! 2.Defeated democracy in Greece 3.Greece would eventually would be taken over by Macedonia to the north

24. Greek Culture

25. Greek Mythology Mythology – the family of Greek gods and goddesses that ruled on Mount Olympus –Zeus - chief god –Hades - god of the underworld –Apollo - god of light (sun god) –Athena - goddess of wisdom

26. Greek Religion Polytheistic – worship of many gods Greek stories or myths developed about their gods

27. Greek Gods Left Top: Athena Above: Zeus Right Top: Hades Right Bottom: Apollo

28. Olympics First held in 776 BC Held to honor Zeus Athletes came from all over the world to compete Individual events rather than team Women were not allowed

29. Sports from the first Olympics in 776 BCE Clockwise starting on the left: Wrestling, Horse back riding, Chariot racing, Boxing, Discus, Jumping, and Running Center: Javelin