Basic Terms Rostow’s Modernization Model Dependency Theory World Systems Microcredit Other issues

Let’s let Hans Rosling get us started

Informal Economy MDCs and LDCs GNP, GDP and GNI PPP and Big Mac Index HDI and Better Life Index Neocolonialism NIDL EPZs and SEZs Maquiladoras NGOs MNCs Parallel States Basic Terms

Globalization? Define and give some examples

Informal Economy MDCs and LDCs GNP, GDP and GNI PPP and Big Mac Index HDI and Better Life Index Neocolonialism EPZs and SEZs Maquiladoras NGOs Parallel States Basic Terms

Informal Economy MDCs and LDCs Colonialism & Neocolonialism EPZs and SEZs Maquiladoras NGOs Parallel States GNP, GDP and GNI PPP and Big Mac Index HDI and Better Life Index Basic Terms The Motherland by Brouguereau –

New International Division of Labor Outcome of globalization where labor moves across international borders Industrialized countries outputs have dropped, while LDCs has grown Improved transportation and growth of transnational corporations has fed the NIDL What is the NIDL?

Rostow’s Modernization Model Sometimes called the Ladder of Development

Stage One – TRADITIONAL – Subsistence – Static Society – Resist Technological Change Stage Two – PRECONDITIONS TO TAKEOFF – Progressive leadership moves country forward – More openness and diversity Stage Three – TAKEOFF – Industrial Revolution – Sustained Growth – Urbanization increases – Technology increases Stage Four – DRIVE TO MATURITY – Diffusion of Technology – Specialization – International trade expands – modernization – population increases Stage Five – HIGH CONSUMPTION – high incomes – widespread production of many goods/services – Most work in service sector Rostow’s Modernization Model

Liberalist Model What did the world look like when Rostow wrote this in 1960? For hint – see map pages What else does this model remind us of: 1. Organic Theory 2. 5 Economic Sectors 3. Demographic Transition Rostow’s Modernization Model

Eurocentric and Americentric Doesn’t account for regional differences within a country Doesn’t account for cultural differences within a country Doesn’t account for one-commodity economies Neo-colonialism Major bias that all economies will grow the same way developed countries grew Rostow believed all countries would grow in an orderly fashion like Japan and Europe and the US did Use exercise to further understand Rostow Criticisms of Rostow

Structuralist Model Political and economic relationships between countries and regions control and limit development possibilities Example – colonialism created… Dependent relationships between mother country and the occupied country These relationships sustain prosperity of the core country and poverty of the periphery country Gives rise to NEOCOLONIALISM in the 1970s, 80s and on to the present Dependency Theory – pp

Dependency even in the Core?

Global Carbon Footprint

Structuralist Model Immanuel Wallerstein See handout Does NOT assume all countries will change the same way I call this the “Life sucks and then you die theory” The good news is that each sector is not necessarily static – can move from one sector to another 3 sectors that we have discussed before – These are relationships between countries – all three types need each other CORE SEMIPERIPHERY PERIPHERY But, who always wins? World Systems Theory – pp

EPZs and SEZs Maquiladoras NGOs Parallel States World Cities EPZs, SEZs and Maquiladoras

Multinational Corporations Decisions made here affect stockholders, regions and states Also make decisions that make them actors on the global stage Examples MNCs

Gender Inequality Index

Millennium Development Goals

States in which employees do not have to join unions as part of their jobs PRO – employee has the right to be in a union or not be in a union. All employees do not have to pay union dues if they do not want to CON – employers choose these states because they can pay lower wages and not guarantee work, pay levels or certain benefits to employees Right to Work States

NGOs Global Actor NGOs

World Cities These cities function at the global scale – meaning, reaching beyond state borders and functioning as service centers for the global economy Examples are… New York City, London and Tokyo See map for more information Primate Cities Disproportionately large and exceptionally expressive of the national culture and center of the country’s economy. Many former colonies have primate cities Examples are Paris, Mexico City, Athens, Cairo, Lima, Seoul World or Global Cities and Primate Cities– pp

Countries without a primate city according to wikipedia. Can you say, effects of colonialism?

Microcredit

What about development terms like PPP, HDI and such? What does this say?

Parallel States World Cities Parallel States