Plant Reproduction

Sexual reproduction The mixing of genetic material from two parents to produce offspring The mixing of genetic material from two parents to produce offspring Offspring are genetically different from parents Offspring are genetically different from parents

Plants Flowers are the sexual reproductive structures in plants Flowers are the sexual reproductive structures in plants

Draw and Label this diagram!

Lily flower Ecological strategy: Ecological strategy: Insect pollinated flower targeting bees in particular Insect pollinated flower targeting bees in particular

Lily advantages The reward and display make it very likely that pollen from one lily plant will reach another lily plant

Lily flower Draw flower, note projections and markings on petals. Draw flower, note projections and markings on petals.

Lily flower Stigma protrudes in front of stamens so insect touches stigma and deposits pollen from another flower first! Stigma protrudes in front of stamens so insect touches stigma and deposits pollen from another flower first!

Adaptations for pollinator Spikes on petals force pollinator past anthers on way to nectary Spikes on petals force pollinator past anthers on way to nectary

Adaptations for pollinator Stigma is above anthers so pollinator deposits pollen from another flower before it gets pollen from this flower Stigma is above anthers so pollinator deposits pollen from another flower before it gets pollen from this flower

Adaptations for pollinator Anthers are large so pollen eating bees won’t destroy them, enough pollen for bee and cross pollination Anthers are large so pollen eating bees won’t destroy them, enough pollen for bee and cross pollination

Adaptations for pollinator Highly scented nectar because bees have a good sense of smell. Highly scented nectar because bees have a good sense of smell.

The flower at the right shows how UV markings may guide insect to nectary past anthers The flower at the right shows how UV markings may guide insect to nectary past anthers

Pollen is spikey to stick to insect hairs Pollen is spikey to stick to insect hairs

disadvantages Huge energy cost (nectar and showy flower) Huge energy cost (nectar and showy flower) Insects can’t fly in bad weather Insects can’t fly in bad weather Relies mainly on bees so if they become extinct then no cross pollination. Relies mainly on bees so if they become extinct then no cross pollination.

Adaptations for environment Grow in sheltered environments Grow in sheltered environments Bloom in warm season spring or summer Bloom in warm season spring or summer Petals won’t get ruined by wind Petals won’t get ruined by wind Cold blooded insects need warmth to fly Cold blooded insects need warmth to fly Bees can’t fly in windy weather, bad weather Bees can’t fly in windy weather, bad weather Longer days for more time to pollinate Longer days for more time to pollinate

Your turn - Questions Describe the difference in function between the sepals and the petals. Describe the difference in function between the sepals and the petals. The Stamen is the male reproductive structure consisting of the anther and the filament, Describe how the pollen in the anther may get distributed. The Stamen is the male reproductive structure consisting of the anther and the filament, Describe how the pollen in the anther may get distributed. Describe two ways a flower encourages cross pollination from a bee or bird. Describe two ways a flower encourages cross pollination from a bee or bird. Describe why there is some distance between the stigma and the ovary. Describe why there is some distance between the stigma and the ovary. Name some adaptations angiosperms have made to increase their chance of survival. Name some adaptations angiosperms have made to increase their chance of survival. Name some disadvantages of the way angiosperms reproduce. Name some disadvantages of the way angiosperms reproduce.

Answers The sepals protect the young flower bud whereas the petals are to attract pollinators. The sepals protect the young flower bud whereas the petals are to attract pollinators. Wind blows pollen from the flowers anther to other flowers stigma. Wind blows pollen from the flowers anther to other flowers stigma. Bees or other animals such as birds collect nectar and in the process transfer pollen to other plants. Bees or other animals such as birds collect nectar and in the process transfer pollen to other plants. The nectar in flowers smell good to attract animals that assist in cross pollination The nectar in flowers smell good to attract animals that assist in cross pollination

Answers-Adaptations Spikes on petals force pollinator past anthers on way to nectary. Spikes on petals force pollinator past anthers on way to nectary. Stigma is above anthers so pollinator deposits pollen from another flower before it gets pollen from this flower Stigma is above anthers so pollinator deposits pollen from another flower before it gets pollen from this flower Anthers are large so pollen eating bees won’t destroy them, enough pollen for bee and cross pollination Anthers are large so pollen eating bees won’t destroy them, enough pollen for bee and cross pollination Highly scented nectar because bees have a good sense of smell Highly scented nectar because bees have a good sense of smell The flower has UV markings that guide the insect to the nectary past the anthers The flower has UV markings that guide the insect to the nectary past the anthers Pollen is spikey to stick to insect hairs Pollen is spikey to stick to insect hairs

Answers cont.. The bees love nectar so encourage them to come back to the flower and pollinate it and other flowers. The bees love nectar so encourage them to come back to the flower and pollinate it and other flowers. The stigma needs to be up high so it can be pollinated and the ovary needs to be somewhere less exposed so that it can be protected. The stigma needs to be up high so it can be pollinated and the ovary needs to be somewhere less exposed so that it can be protected.

Answers-Disadvantages Huge energy cost (nectar and showy flower) Huge energy cost (nectar and showy flower) Insects can’t fly in bad weather Insects can’t fly in bad weather Relies mainly on bees so if they become extinct then no cross pollination. Relies mainly on bees so if they become extinct then no cross pollination.

Advantages, disadvantages + niche AdvantagesDisadvantagesOther / Niche Gametes separate.Targeted pollination allowing high number of gametes produced to fertilise. High energy adaptations. Bees cant fly in bad weather (extinction?). Blooms seasonally, in sheltered environments. Pollen sticky and spikey. Smell and UV, Wind and pollinators required. Dominant sporophyte life cycle Not dependant on gametophyte for survival Nourishing zygoteZygote is protected by the plant. Seed made to provide energy for young zygote. Pollen tube required for fertilisation. Energy required to make seed. Can withstand harsh environments as seed can provide nutrients. Vascular tissueSporophyte can survive dry periods Can survive in variety of environments SeedsCan withstand harsh conditions before germinating when more favourable. Lots of energy needed to make seeds. Can grow in variety of environments

Label the diagram a-k

Question-Homework Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the reproductive system of an angiosperm. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the reproductive system of an angiosperm.