Digestive and Circulatory Systems Review

Identify the 6 class of nutrients. Carbohydrates Proteins Vitamins Lipids Water Minerals

Explain what a food label tells you. The nutritional facts found in processed foods.

1. Identify the following information for the food to the left. a. Serving size b. Total carbohydrates c. Calories d. Protein 2. How many calories would you consume if you ate 2 servings of these crackers? 2 crackers 10g 60 2g 120 calories

oral cavity stomach gall bladder pancreas large intestine Identify each structure labeled in the diagram. oral cavity stomach gall bladder pancreas large intestine small intestine rectum

In the stomach Absorb water In the small intestine Where does protein digestion begin? What is the function of F? 3. Where are nutrients absorbed into the blood? In the stomach Absorb water In the small intestine

Goes to the small intestine 4. What does C produce? Where does it go? 5. What is the function of G? 6. Chemical digestion is completed in this structure. 7. What type of digestion occurs in A? Pancreatic juice Goes to the small intestine store bile small intestine mechanical and chemical

To push food through the digestive tract What is the name of this process? What is its function? Where in the digestive tract does this process occur? peristalsis To push food through the digestive tract esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

to produce bile liver stomach chemical digestion What is structure F? What is the function of this substance? 2. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs here? 3. What is the function of structure A? to produce bile liver stomach chemical digestion The esophagus pushes food down into the stomach using peristalsis.

Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI Through which of these structures does food pass? Which organs are not part of the gastrovascular tract? How do they aid in digestion? Esophagus (A) Small intestine (D) Stomach (B) Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI Gall bladder (E) – stores bile Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI

Describe the role of the small intestine in digestion. Where most chemical digestion occurs Where chemical digestion is completed Lined with VILLI which absorb nutrients into the blood

Identify the labeled organs. A - Oral cavity B - Esophagus C – Stomach D – Pancreas E - Large intestine F - Appendix G - Small intestine H – Gall bladder I - Liver

Through what organs does food pass? (in order) Oral cavity Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus 2. In which structures does peristalsis occur? Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

Bile – into small intestine Where excess water reabsorbed? 2. What occurs in structure G? 3. What does I produce? Where does it go? 4. This is where chemical digestion begins. 5. This is where chemical digestion ends. Large intestine Villi absorb nutrients into blood Bile – into small intestine Oral cavity Small intestine

Identify organs where there is no digestion occurring. Esophagus Liver Salivary glands Pancreas Glass bladder

Which part of the human blood: is the most numerous? contains a nucleus? is biconcave? is produced in the bone marrow? consists mainly of water? rbc’s wbc’s rbc’s rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets plasma

Identify structures X, Y, and Z. white blood cell Y Z red blood cell platelet Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria? engulfing these bacteria producing antibodies to act against this type of bacteria preparing for future invasions of this type of bacteria speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to detect these bacteria

Which part of the human blood transports hormones and nutrients? plasma platelets red blood cells white blood cells

The breaking apart of platelets in the blood helps in the synthesis of hemoglobin formation of a clot release of antibodies deamination of amino acids

Cardiovascular diseases interfere most directly with the normal functioning of system?

Explain the difference between arteries and veins. Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins. Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

Explain what occurs in capillaries and why. The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary. Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.

The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. glucose O2 CO2 O2 glucose glucose O2 CO2 The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. 1. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. 2. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary. CO2 O2 glucose 24

Blood normally flows from the capillaries directly into small arteries small veins 3. lymph vessels 4. heart atria

The movement of blood from the legs toward the heart is hindered by gravity. The effect of gravity is counteracted by smooth muscle in the capillaries cilia lining the blood vessels valves in the veins lymph nodes near major vessels

Which statement best describes arteries? They have thick walls and transport blood away from the heart. They have thick walls and transport blood toward the heart. They have thin walls and transport blood away from the heart. They have thin walls and transport blood toward the heart.

Identify the upper chambers of the heart. Identify the lower chambers of the heart. Identify the structures that separate the upper and lower chambers. Identify the wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. Right and left atria Right and left ventricles valves septum

left ventricle right ventricle Identify structures B, D, E, F and H. aorta left atrium right atrium left ventricle right ventricle

When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a valve

Identify the part of the heart being described. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood. Wall that separates the right and left side of the heart. Large artery that carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood. Left atrium Septum Aorta Right ventricle

5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood. 6. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria and ventricles. 7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated blood. Right atrium Valves Left ventricle

For blood to pass through the heart from the left atrium to the left ventricle, it must first pass through an artery a valve a vein a capillary