The Roots of American Democracy Chapter 3 The Roots of American Democracy What ideas gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation? 1 1

Reading Read Section 3.1. Then respond to these questions: What historic events did the two bicentennial celebrations in the United States mark? Of what did the bicentennial events remind Americans? Why were these events so powerful? What ideas do you think gave birth to the world’s first modern democratic nation? NO MORE KINGS!!! 2 2

Early Roots

Early Roots

Early Roots

Early Roots

Key Events Mayflower Compact – first written framework for self-government in the colonies IMPACT: Colonists learn to create rules and governments for themselves Virginia House of Burgesses – first elected assembly in the colonies IMPACT: Elected assemblies spread through the colonies

Key Events French and Indian War – After the war Britain imposed taxes and restrictions on the colonies IMPACT: Colonists feel Britain is restricting their rights Stamp Act – Britain taxes colonists on paper goods IMPACT: Colonists feel that taxation without representation is unjust

Key Events Lexington and Concord – first armed conflict between Britain and Colonists IMPACT: Start of American Revolution Declaration of Independence – formal break with Britain IMPACT: Creates vision for a government responsible to the people

Origins of the U.S. Constitution How did state constitutions lay the groundwork for the U.S. Constitution? Idea that government should be based on an established set of principles like: Popular sovereignty Limited government

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation: No power to tax or control trade No executive to enforce laws No court system Why? Fear of a strong central government

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Three major challenges Representation – big states vs. little states Resolved by the Great Compromise which created a bicameral (two house) legislature Slavery Resolved by counting slaves as 3/5 of a person for representation and taxation Electing a President Resolved by setting up the Electoral College

Electoral College There are 48 States that have a winner-takes-all rule for the Electoral College. In these States, whichever candidate receives a majority of the vote, or a plurality of the popular vote (less than 50 percent but more than any other candidate) takes all of the State's electoral votes.

Electoral College 4 Times (1824,1876,1888,2000) The winner of the Presidential Election did not win the Popular Vote! John Q. Adams Rutherford Hayes Benjamin Harrison George Bush 2000 Election Details

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Partner UP! Read Sections 3.5 and 3.6 and List three beliefs of the Federalists List three beliefs of the Anti-Federalists

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Federalists Favored strong central government Believed separation of powers kept government from becoming too strong Believed in federalism (power divided between central and regional governments) Anti-Federalists Feared strong government Believed states are better able to represent people Feared the Constitution lacked a bill of rights to protect citizens

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Look up due process. What does it mean? Read Sections 4.2 and 4.3 and explain the purpose of each of the main parts of the Constitution. Preamble Articles Amendments

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Preamble – purpose of the government Articles – define the powers of the three branches of governments Amendments – list formal changes to the Constitution

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Enumerated powers are those powers specifically listed in the Constitution. Implied powers are those powers that come from the ‘elastic clause’ which allows Congress to make all laws necessary for carrying out its duties.

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Why does each branch have different powers? So no single branch becomes too powerful and each branch is both accountable and responsible for the other branches (checks and balances)

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Legislative – make laws, approve treaties Executive – enforces laws, negotiates treaties Judicial – interprets laws and determines constitutionality

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Amendments (changes to the Constitution) Proposed by Congress with a 2/3 vote in both houses ¾ of the state legislatures ratify (approve) the amendment

Origins of the U.S. Constitution Judicial Review means that the Supreme Court has the responsibility to determine whether laws are Constitutional!!

Unit 1 Assessment Topics Nation-state Legitimacy Public goods Monarchy Dictatorship Market Economy Command Economy Federal system Popular sovereignty Marbury v. Madison Natural rights Constitutional issues and resolutions Great Compromise Articles of Confederation Due Process Purpose of the three parts of the Constitution