“Teachers do not cause students achievement, students cause student achievement” Steve Barkley Read Slide: Have participants reflect on quote

Prince George’s County Public Schools Office of Talent Development Framework for Teaching Evidence: What it Looks Like Prince George’s County Public Schools Office of Talent Development

Objectives Identify evidence to be included in the FfT Descriptors of Practice. Identify and collect non-bias and factual evidence from on stage and off stage Analyze a completed Descriptors of Practice Read slide…if you do not have access to a video of a live classroom REVISE SECOND BULLET or ACCESS Educational Impact Video and hyperlink into slide # 3

Agenda Closure Part I: Part II: Part III: Warm Up What is evidence ? Collecting off-stage Evidence Domain 1 Identify Evidence for Domains 1, 2 and 3 Part III: Looking at a completed D.O.P. Closure What are the implications for you as a teacher? Read Slide

Part I What is evidence? Read Slide

Quick Write What is evidence? Allow participants to write their thoughts on sticky notes, then chart out for them to see. Share aloud

Evidence is a factual reporting of events. It may include teacher and student actions and/or behaviors. It may also include artifacts prepared by the teacher, students, or others. It is not clouded with personal opinion or biases. It is selected using professional judgment by the observer and/or the teacher. Again, this might be review, or might need more discussion.

Types of Observation Evidence Verbatim scripting of teacher or student comments: “Could one person from each table collect materials?” Non-evaluative statements of observed teacher or student behavior: The teacher stands by the door, greeting students as they enter. Numeric information about time, student participation, resource use, etc.: Three students of the eighteen offer nearly all of the comments during discussion. An observed aspect of the environment: The assignment is on the board for students to do while roll is taken. Review briefly

BIAS When making judgments based on evidence, we draw conclusions from what we see and hear. And, while it is human nature to attach positive or negative “meaning” to elements in our environment, it is inappropriate in a professional observation to allow our personal associations – our biases – to affect our judgment. Read Slide Allow participants to share thoughts….briefly

Exploring the nature of bias: Bias, both personal and societal, can influence judgment in many ways. None of these influences, it should be noted, are directly related to the teacher’s effectiveness in the classroom, but they can affect the observer’s judgment. Bias is both possible and important to understand. Read Slide Allow participants to share thoughts….briefly

Threats to evaluator accuracy: Assessor bias Leniency Central Tendency “Halo” or “Horns” Effect Comparison Assessor Bias: Leniency Central Tendency: the NORM Halo or Horns Effect: you are an angel (always nice 4 o’clock appt.

On the Line You will view pieces of statement and determine if the evidence is evidence or an opinion. If the statement is evidence step forward, if opinion then step backward, and if you are not certain, then stay on the line.

Evidence Opinion or

Evidence or Opinion? Opinion The pacing of the lesson was slow, allowing for student restlessness, disengagement, and disruptive behavior. Opinion Depending upon time this can be done as a whole group or table groups, elbow partners, etc.

Evidence or Opinion? Evidence The teacher says today’s activities are an extension of the math unit. Evidence Depending upon time this can be done as a whole group or table groups, elbow partners, etc.

Evidence or Opinion? Opinion The pacing of the lesson was slow, allowing for student restlessness, disengagement, and disruptive behavior. Opinion Depending upon time this can be done as a whole group or table groups, elbow partners, etc.

Evidence or Opinion? Opinion The new table arrangement encourages concentration and controlled interaction with neighbor. Opinion Depending upon time this can be done as a whole group or table groups, elbow partners, etc.

Review - What is Evidence? Actions, by teacher or students Statements or questions, by teacher or students Observable features of the classroom Captured not remembered

The 8 Essential Components Domain 1: Planning and Preparation 1c: Establishing Instructional Outcomes 1e: Designing Coherent Instruction Domain 2: Classroom Environment 2b: Establishing a Culture for Learning 2d: Managing Student Behavior Domain 4: Professional Responsibility 4a: Reflecting on Teaching 4c: Communicating with Families Domain 3: Instruction 3b: Using Questioning and Discussion Techniques 3c: Engaging Student in Learning Off Stage On Stage Review: Share on stage /off stage

Pieces of the Lesson Value, Sequence, & Alignment Clarity Aligned to standards Part of a bigger picture, previous lesson, beginning lesson, etc. Represents high expectations & intellectual rigor (higher order thinking) Clarity Objectives use measurable verbs Clearly stated as a learning goal & can be assessed Teacher states outcome as learning not just as an activity Outcomes can be assessed/tested Final Review: Bring it all together Connected to a sequence of learning both in the discipline and in related disciplines. Does this outcome connect to what students are learning in other disciplines? Is this important learning? Does the learning outcome represent high expectation for all students? Is the learning outcome rigorous? If not, how might you rewrite it to be more rigorous? Does the outcome naturally follow what students have previously learned?

Pieces of the Lesson Balance: Balance represent factual knowledge and procedural skills as well as thinking and reasoning, conceptual understanding and skills in collaboration. Among different types of learning (may represent listening, discussion, writing, drawing, presenting, groupings, etc.) How is it related to the learning outcome? Integrated with other content areas/technology Instruction is adjusted to accommodate diverse learners Differentiating the Process/Activities Differentiating the processes means varying learning activities or strategies to provide appropriate methods for students to explore the concepts. Final Review: Bring it all together cont. Connected to a sequence of learning both in the discipline and in related disciplines. Does this outcome connect to what students are learning in other disciplines? Is this important learning? Does the learning outcome represent high expectation for all students? Is the learning outcome rigorous? If not, how might you rewrite it to be more rigorous? Does the outcome naturally follow what students have previously learned?

1e: Designing Coherent Instruction Requires teachers’ knowledge of the content, students, resources and clarity of instructional outcomes that come together, resulting in a plan of action. Repeat steps (Slides 9-17) for all of the remaining components Read Slide

Pieces of the Lesson Learning Activities Are suitable for students. Support the Instructional Outcomes in 1c. Engage students in meaningful learning via approved textbooks, technology, websites, and resources from www.mdk12.org. Reflect appropriate text complexity. Materials and Resources Orange puzzle piece represents cognitive and questioning

Lesson and Unit Structure Pieces of the Lesson Instructional Groups Groups are varied as appropriate, based on needs of students and instructional outcomes. Student choice is incorporated in grouping decisions. Lesson and Unit Structure Clearly defined structure Activities designed to support lesson structure & are coherent Time allocations are reasonable Topics are connected Time for closure and student reflection Options are provided for diverse student needs. Options include: Student Choice Learning Styles Small Group Whole Group Friends Homogeneous Mixed Ability Partners

2b. Establishing a Culture for Learning The culture for learning refers to the atmosphere and energy level in a classroom, where students are engaged in important work. Read Slide

Expectations for Learning & Achievement Pieces of the Lesson Importance of Content Atmosphere in class reflects importance of work Everyone engaged in pursuits of value Norms that govern interaction among individuals Students demonstrate curiosity and taking initiative High energy Expectations for Learning & Achievement High expectations of Teacher Teacher has confidence in their abilities Effort is rewarded Good ideas are valued (Good job, you have two more sentences to go”) Students put forth effort Being “smart” is cool Safe environment for taking risks Options include: Student Choice Learning Styles Small Group Whole Group Friends Homogeneous Mixed Ability Partners

Pieces of the Lesson Student Pride in Work Student work is displayed Accountable talk (students & teachers) Students explain work to others Students value learning and hard work Options include: Student Choice Learning Styles Small Group Whole Group Friends Homogeneous Mixed Ability Partners

2d. Managing Student Behavior Expectations Monitoring of Student Behavior Response to Student Misbehavior Wait time 2. Allow participants to share out. (Tell will probably go to their books) 28

Pieces of the Lesson Monitoring of Student Behavior Self monitoring by students Teacher aware of what is going on “eyes in the back of the head” Response to Misbehavior Reflects established behavior plan Proximity of teacher Consequences based on student behavior, not on the student Expectations Standards of conduct set/posted Clear consequences Consistently applied (no favorites) Routines/procedures established Teachers refrain from losing temper Ask for any additional thoughts/ideas

Discussion Techniques Pieces of the Lesson Quality of Questions Invite students to formulate hypotheses Make connections Challenge previously held views Promote student thinking/teachers probe student responses High level rather than low level Discussion Techniques Discussion student led Teacher not the center of the discussion “sage on the stage” Requires student analytical thinking Teacher encourages comments on others answers and requests further elaboration Options include: Student Choice Learning Styles Small Group Whole Group Friends Homogeneous Mixed Ability Partners

Pieces of the Lesson Student Participation in the Discussion All students are engaged All students are drawn into the conversation Students themselves ensure high levels of participation Options include: Student Choice Learning Styles Small Group Whole Group Friends Homogeneous Mixed Ability Partners

Pieces of the Lesson Activities ad Assignments Large (whole class), small, pairs, triads, etc. Should reflect what teacher is trying to accomplish and should serve that purpose Heterogeneous/Homogeneous Grouping of Students Active student learning-mental engagement Students making contributions Students are intellectually engaged Students challenged to think broadly & deeply Students solve problems Review: Bring it all together

Pieces of the Lesson Instructional Materials & Resources Suitable and enhances learning for all students Needed for outcome/engaging for students in meaningful learning Supported the instructional outcomes Structure and Pacing Students know where they are in the structure The structure guided the lesson (warm up, beginning, middle, end, and closure) Pacing is appropriate to students and content Students don’t feel rushed or too much lag time Read Slide

4a: Reflection on Teaching (page 92-94) Accuracy Teacher prompts students to reflect on learning and uses the reflections to assess lesson’s effectiveness. Teacher identifies specific learning outcomes that students mastered and those that will need to be reinforced with additional instruction. Teacher reflects on the effectiveness of instructional groups by assigning student monitors in each group to collect data about the participation of each group member. In addition, all students participate in a reflection activity in which they make connections between group participation and learning. Read Slide

4a: Reflection on Teaching Use in Future Teaching Teacher provides several alternate resources for students, including options for students of varying levels of readiness and learning style. Based on student reflections, the teacher regroups student for the next lesson according to their area of interest in the topic. After examining student work, the teacher develops a series of milestones, sequenced and differentiated according to needs indicated by student work.

4c: Communicating with Families Information about the Instructional Program Informs families how class is run Uses a communication strategy: web page, newsletter, back-to-school night, email, etc. Facilitate a discussion on other ways to communicate with families

4c: Communicating with Families Information about Individual Students Parents should feel invited and encouraged to contact the teacher any time Inform parents of academic & social progress Communicates honestly with parents Responds to parent concerns Review: Bring it all together

Part II Collecting off-stage Evidence Domain 1 Identifying Evidence for Domains 1, 2 and 3 Read Slide

Domain 1 Collecting off-stage Evidence Domain 1 Review the sample lesson plan Record evidence from the sample lesson plan for Domain 1 Have a discussion with a partner or group about the evidence collected. The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson Read Slide

D.O.P Examining a completed Descriptors of Practice Take a moment to read through the completed D.O.P. What do you notice? Fact or Opinion Levels of Performance The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson Activity Bring all participants back together for a whole group discussion

Closure What are the implications for you as a teacher? Facilitate a discussion

Quote “The aim of education should be to teach us rather how to think, than what to think - rather to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to load the memory with thoughts of other men.” ~Bill Beattie ~