NETWORK Topologies An Introduction.

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Presentation transcript:

NETWORK Topologies An Introduction

What is a Network? Several computers linked together by a cable. Allows users to share resources. Allows the rapid transfer of data. Allows users to communicate with each other.

Local Area Networks LANs are usually found on a single site. May be single building, room or floor. There are four main LAN topologies (maps).

Bus Network

Bus Network Several stations are connected to a single cable. Terminators are used to stop data “falling off”. Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. Requires less cable length than a star topology. Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

Star Network – Central Hub Workstation 1 Workstation 2 Workstation 3 Workstation 4 Workstation 5 Central Hub

Star Network Stations are directly connected to a central hub. Data on a star network passes through the hub before continuing to its destination Advantages of a Star Topology Easy to install and wire. No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology Requires more cable length than a linear topology. If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the hub.

Ring Network

Ring Network Cable forms an endless loop. Stations are directly connected to this loop. Data flows in one direction around ring. Topology is commonly implemented as token ring Advantages of a Ring Topology Each node in the network is able to purify and amplify the data signal before sending it to the next node. More stations can easily be added. Individual workstations can be isolated from the ring. Disadvantages of a Ring Topology A break in the ring causes the entire network to fail.

Mesh Network

Mesh Network Each station is connected to every other station. Mesh topology's are used in critical connection of host computers (typically telephone exchanges). Advantages of a Mesh Topology Any failure of one computer allows all others to continue, as they have alternative paths to other computers. Alternate paths allow each computer to balance the load to other computer systems in the network by using more than one of the connection paths available. Disadvantages of a Mesh Topology Difficult to add more stations.

Topology Comparison Features Bus topology Star Ring topology Mesh topology Expense Low Medium High Reliability Good Excellent Geographically coverage ability Poor Troubleshooting ease

Network Card - NIC Purpose of NIC is to physically connect computer into network RJ-45 port BNC port Can have an RJ-45 connector port, a BNC connector port or both.

Peer–Peer Network Allow users to share resources and files located on their computers. They do not have a file server or a centralized management source All computers are considered equal; they all have the same abilities to use the resources available on the network. Designed primarily for small to medium local area networks.

Peer-Peer Network Advantages of a peer-to-peer network: Less initial expense. No need for a dedicated server. An operating system (such as Windows 95) already in place may only need to be reconfigured for peer-to-peer operations. Disadvantages of a peer-to-peer network: Decentralized. No central repository for files and applications. Security. Does not provide the security available on a client/server network.

Client-Server Network Allow the network to centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers The file servers become the heart of the system, providing access to resources and providing security. Individual workstations (clients) have access to the resources available on the file servers. The network operating system provides the mechanism to integrate all the components of the network. Novell Netware and Windows NT Server are examples of client/server network operating systems.

Client-Server Network Advantages of a client/server network: Centralized. Resources and data security are controlled through the server. Scalability. Any or all elements can be replaced individually as needs increase. Flexibility. New technology can be easily integrated into system. Interoperability. All components (client/network/server) work together. Accessibility. Server can be accessed remotely and across multiple platforms. Disadvantages of a client/server network: Expense. Requires initial investment in dedicated server. Maintenance. Large networks will require a staff to ensure efficient operation. Dependence. When server goes down, operations will cease across the network.

NETWORK Topologies The End