1. Networking Topology 1.BUS Topology 2.RING Topology 3.STAR Topology
A topology refer to both physical and logical layout of network. The physical topology refer to actual layout of network devices. Physical topology should not be confused with logical topology which is method used to pass information between workstation. There are six type of Topology.
1.BUS Topology
2.RING Topology
3.STAR Topology
4.MESH Topology
5.FDDI Topology
6.TREE Topology
7.HYBRID Topology

2. BUS Topology
A BUS topology uses a trunk or backbone to which all of the computer on the network connect. System connect to this backbone using “T” type connector terminators. This topology require terminator for both side of backbone to avoid signal reflection. Commonly used for implementing Ethernet at 10 Mbps. Using Coaxial cable during the 1980 and early It has more segment.
Backbone

3. 1.Entire network shut down if there is break in main cable.
Advantage
1.Easy to implement
2.Low Cost
3.Easy to connect
4.Require less cable.
Disadvantage
1.Entire network shut down if there is break in main cable.
2.Terminator are require both side.
3.Difficult the problem if entire network shut down.

4. Ring Topology Ring Topology
The ring Network is a part of topology. In this Network all massage travel in a same direction. This type network is wired in a serial circuit a failure in any cable or device break the loop and can take down the entire network. All PC are connected in a Ring circle. There are no terminated in end.
The method by which the data is transmitted around the ring is called token ring passing. IBM token ring uses this method. In the token ring network use Multistations access unit (MSAU) is equipment to a hub or Switch on Ethernet network.
Ring Topology

5. Token Ring Topology

6. ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1.Cable faulty are easily located , Making troubleshoot easier.
2.Ring network are moderately easy to install.
DISADVANTAGE
1.Expansion to the network can cause network disruption.
2.A single break in the cable can disrupt the entire network.

7. STAR TOPOLOGY
In the star network all the computers and other network devices connected with central Device called HUB or SWITCH. Each connected require a single cable to connected to HUB. Creating point to point connection between hub or network device. It has require more cable. Generally UTP cable are used( Unshielded twisted pair).The star topology is most widely implemented network design in use today.
HUB

8. ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1.Easy to implement and extend even in large network.
2.Well suitable for temporary network.
3. Security can be implemented in the HUB/Switch.
DISADVANTAGE
1.It has limited cable and length and number of station.
2.Maintence costs may be higher in long run.
3.Failure of central node can be disturb all network.

9. Mesh Topology
In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by separate cable. Create point to point connection to every device on network. If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its destination.
On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with leased line.
This type topology generally use in military area.

10. Advantage Disadvantage 1.Provide redundant path between device.
2. The network can be expanded without disruption to current user.
Disadvantage
Require more cable then other topology .
Complicated implementations.

11. FDDI Topology
The American national Standard s Institute (ANSI) developed the fiber distribution Data Interface.(FDDI) standard in the mid -1980s to meet the growing need for a reliable and fast networking system to accommodate distributed application. Its data transfer speed is 100 Mbps and higher.

12. ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
High speed data transfer
Easy to connect.
DISADVANTAGE
Need costly equipment.
Dual ring Design.

13. TREE Topology
Tree Topology integrated multiple star topologies together onto bus. In its design only HUB / Switch device connect directly to the tree. A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable. Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs.

14. Advantages of a Tree Topology
1.Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.
2.Supported by several hardware and software venders.
Disadvantages of a Tree Topology
1. Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used.
2. If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down.
3. More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies.

15. HYBRID Topology
With the hybrid topology are combination of two or more topologies from a complete Network for example the hybrid topology could be the combination of star and bus topology. If a computer fail. It will not affect the rest of the network.

16. Twisted Pair Coaxial Fiber
Physical Topology
Common Cable
Common Protocol
Linear Bus
Twisted Pair Coaxial Fiber
Ethernet Local Talk
Star
Twisted Pair Fiber
Ethernet Local
Talk
Star-Wired Ring
Twisted Pair T
Token Ring
Tree
Ethernet