Chapter 4 Socialization

What is socialization? Process of learning to participate in a group. Examples of this would include: Walking Patterns/ Freshman functioning in high school/ Speech patterns * Most important learning occurs early in life.

Briefly describe Harlow’s experiment. He took new born Rhesus monkeys and separated then from their mothers. They were then observed on their choice between 2 robot monkeys, one with soft covering and the other without covering but having food. The stimulus used was a loud siren and lights to scare the monkeys.

How do Harlow’s findings related to humans? Human babies have emotional needs such as affection, intimacy, and warmth. If they do not get these things they have difficulty forming emotional ties with others.

What things can be learned from the story of Anna? Ignoring the emotional needs of a child will seriously retard their ability to learn & function within society. This can also cause great physical damage as well.

What things are hypothesized from Isabelle? Even though she was not educated, her ability to learn was not hindered because she was stimulated emotionally. What things are hypothesized from Isabelle? * Intensive and prolonged social contact with others is key to being healthy

Define the following: Self Concept Looking Glass Self Significant others Role taking Imitation Stage Play Stage Game Stage Generalized other Me I

Describe how the following perspective explains socialization. Functional  Schools and family socialize children by teaching the same basic norms, values and beliefs Conflict  Socialization perpetuates status quo, exception of social class is done early before the ability to challenge is formed. Symbolic Interactionism uses self-concept/ looking glass self/ significant other/ role taking/ and generalized other

What are the 3 stages of the looking glass self process? Imagine how we appear to others Imagine the reaction of others to our appearance Evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us *Not a conscience process/ Stages happen rapidly/ results can be positive and negative self evaluation An example would be getting ready for date.

Who are the most common significant others? Your Parents Later in life your peers

Give an example for each of the following stages. Imitation Play Game

What happens after the game stage? Behavior is eventually based on principle instead of a significant other. This means that you will start to think for yourself instead of doing what everyone else is doing. You can finally truthfully answer the question, “If everyone was jumping off the bridge, would you jump to?”, with a NO!!

Compare the “ME” & “I” Me I Predictable/ Created by socialization Directs 1st reaction to socially acceptable channels Can be overridden by I Spontaneous/Unlearned or Instinctual Acts in rage or excitement 1st reaction Can be directed by me Can over ride me

Define the following words. Hidden Curriculum Peer Group Mass Media

What things does a child learn from their family? Think & Speak Internalize norms, beliefs, & value Form basic attitudes Develop capacity for intimate & personal relationships Acquire self image *Impact reaches far beyond its direct effect, families social class shapes what we think of ourselves & how we are treated by others.

What things are learned through school besides academics? Discipline/Order/Co- operation/Conformity Idea of time & schedule Rules & Regulations Rewards of praise/ Acceptance for proper behavior Young people must depend on each other for their social life

Briefly summarize the importance of peer groups. Different relationships: School/Family vs. Peer Group Experience conflict, competition, and cooperation Self direction  new ways of thinking, feeling, behaving, & engaging in self-expression

Briefly summarize the importance of peer groups. Independence from adults due to clashing norms of peer group Development of self- sufficiency Close ties with non-family and opposite sex Dealing with large numbers of different people * Peer groups have a growing effect on social development.

What roles do mass media play in socialization? Pros Cons Displays role model for children to imitate Offer Children ideas about values in their society Provide images of : Achievement & Success Activity & Work Equality & Democracy Display violence and violent behavior Depicts ideas of discrimination & sexism Effects are hidden, subtle, and long term

Define the following words Total Institution Desocialization Resocialization Anticipatory Socialization Reference Group

Summarize Desocialization & explain how it is done. Destruction of old self- concepts of personal identity Desocialization is done by: Replacing personal items with standard issue Using serial numbers to identify, instead of names Loss of privacy

What are the 2 main instruments used in resocialization? Rewards (Extras) Punishments (Restrictions)

Who would fall into Anticipatory Socialization? Pre-teens/ Teenagers/ and College Freshman This is a transition between something. Usually done on a voluntary basis.

Who is the reference group supposed to represent? The person you want to become. Insert picture of your “Hero” here.