lama omar FICUS CARICA

leaves are simple palmate Shape and color of fruit Ficus Carica Scientific name Moraceae Family Family name leaves are simple palmate Leaf shape The fig tree perennial Life cycle Grow rainfall Irrigation method multiple colors and shapes fruit Shape and color of fruit

Fig tree The west Asia is the original home of the fig tree and then moved from Asian Turkey to the north of India, and then the cultivation of fig spread through out the Mediterranean region and Middle East since ancient times. The fig tree perennial, deciduous, grow rainfall, multiple colors and shapes fruit And have a high economic and medical nutritional value.

Nutritional and medicinal value The climate of our country (Palestine) is suitable for the cultivation and growth of fig trees, where the climate warm ,sunny and good drainage soil. Nutritional and medicinal value Fig is one of the richest fruit vitamins Especially (C) , (A), (B2) and (B1). Dried figs are rich with calcium which is essential for building bones and teeth.

Fig is one of the fallen leaves plants where the branches cylindrical , intertwined and few height. Stem smooth and existing non-retractable cracked gray to silvery . And there is a big nodes appear on the stem caused by branches have been removed or covered with buds dormancy phloem. The fig tree up to 10 meters high, and live 50_70 years.

Root of fig Root of fig :Root is fibrous very depth , intensive , distribution on the nature and deepening depends on variety as well as the soil type grown in terms of composition and depth moisture system.

Branches Short branches a non-productive and length of 1_2 cm . Medium branches less than 15 cm in length and a few fruiting . Fruiting branches has a length of 15 _45cm . Branches coming out of the under side of tree branches, a strong growth in length up to 1m.

Buds Buds : figs have large buds open with a sharp and shiny apex in each axilla leaf two buds or three composed by category, the middle bud is usually vegetative and lateral fruiting. Compound bud

leaves Leaves : green shiny simple palmate-shaped large- sized branch and a length of 30 cm and has a large and a small lobes 3-7 . The upper surface of the leaf is dark green color and rough fluff . The bottom surface shall be light green in color and the soft fluff.

leaves

Fruits Fruit trees ficus produce an edible multiple fruit called a syconium it is a fleshy, flask-shaped structure (inflorescence) lined on the inside with numerous female flowers, and these flowers not appear from outside the thin outer shell . The wall has color white or light yellow carrying multicolored floral by category (white, brown, pink, red).

At the top of the fruit there is slit called the eye of the fruit which is covered by small scales . The core of the fruit contains numbers of seeds that may be big or too small the number ranges (1600-30) per fruit .

Flowers and method of pollination Flowers in Figs are very small and be combined inside the fruit called inflorescence floral any large group of small flowers accumulated inside the fruit where not see from the outside. j4x6tnm

Different way fertilization by class of figs as follows: 1_ common fig ( normal figs flowers ): The flowers in these categories feminine they do not need to pollinators or pollen.

2_Capri fig ( wild fig flowers ) # The anthers # Tuberous flowers # The stigma Where insect Lbulastopaja growth.

3_ Smyrna : It is A feminine flowers need to pollination humeral (cross pollination) and that of the wild fig flowers, this process is done by insects.

4_San Pedro fig: flowers of this variety two part : As the first crop flowers are considered as normal pollinate common fig not need pollinators, and the second crop flowers would need to be pollination, such as figs Smyrna.

Figs pairing habit & harvesting Carry floral buds of fig sideways on two types of wood are: A) Year-old branches that carry the first crop of figs where consists bud in the previous growing season, and this floral buds bloom in spring and crop matures in June and called name it (Darfur). DAFUR

DAFUR

And Dafor considered the secondary crop in most varieties but in other varieties carry only is Dafor. Characterized of these fruits :- large in size and few sweetness.

B) Modern branches resulting from vegetative buds, and floral buds begin to configure it with the maturity of the fruits of the first crop, then mature in August and September, and the fruit from these branches considered the main crop . Characterized of these fruits smaller than the first crop but more sweetness.

Environmental factors for the cultivation of figs 0 Soil : Fig tree live in the different soil and in the variety of environmental conditions , But the favorite soil is alkaline clay non deep, and sandy clay soils fertile with good construction and drainage optimum with pH is ( 6_ 6.5 ).

The following table shows the relationship between decrease production and the degree of salinity in the soil: (EC) Mmols/CM Lower production (%) 3.8 % 10 5.5 % 25 8.4 % 50

0 Temperature and climatic factors: 0 Water: Fig trees need rain to the fall at least 500 mm per year. 0 Temperature and climatic factors: The climate of our country suitable for the growth of fig trees, where the fig intended for drying need to long sunny days , high temperatures in the summer and low relative humidity.

The fresh figs need to a high temperature in the summer and moderate humidity air . But when the temperature rise to more than 45C the crust of fruit become thickness .

Selection of seedlings Figs  need for the moderate colder hours to break the dormancy phase 0 Wind: The wind has limited effect on the fig trees. Selection of seedlings Seedlings must be free of viral diseases and nematodes , it should be strong growth so that it is 120 cm in length and stem diameter of 1.5 cm.

Time of Planting Propagation of figs * propagation by Offisite Agriculture fig trees begin in the month of January until the month of February. February considered best date for planting figs. Propagation of figs * propagation by Offisite

To Accelerate the ripening of fruit Farmers use to speed up the ripening of fruit a drop of oil by a piece of wood or cotton in the eye of the fruit and the crop is ready for harvest after a week of this process . Ethylene compounds also used to accelerate the maturity.

Fruit picking Harvest of figs be at rate 3 tons per year .And harvest done once every two days because the fruits ripen in batches and continue the process of picking (80_120) day. Fig trees begins fruiting in the third and fourth year of life, but its commercial production after the fifth year . The time of sunrise and the demise of dew the best time for the process of harvesting

Pruning Planting space is about 5 * 7 6 * 8 9 * 10 5 * 5 The dimensions of the hole 5 * 5 * 5 Pruning

rootstocks

Tank you for listening