Biofortified crops to reduce malnutrition in Southern Africa FANRPAN 2009 Economic Contribution from Food Systems: Biosafety & Biotechnology Maputo, Mozambique 1st September 2009 Eugenia Barros (PhD) CSIR – Biosciences

* What is biofortification * Methods of biofortification of crops Outline * What is biofortification * Methods of biofortification of crops * Examples * Benefits © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

Biofortification is the development of crops with increased nutritional value using the best conventional breeding practices and modern biotechnology © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

Methods of biofortification 1- Selective breeding ■ search seed or germplasm banks for crop varieties that are naturally high in nutrients ■ crossbreed these high-nutrient varieties with high-yielding crop varieties ► seed with high yields and increased nutritional value © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

Methods of biofortification (cont.) 2- Genetic modification ■ identify the source of genes to be introduced into the crop eg genes from soil bacterium Erwinia or daffodil plants that contain increased levels of β-carotene (converted by the body into vitamin A) ■ can crossbreed the GM crop with high-yielding non-GM crop varieties ► seed with high yields and increased nutritional value © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

* Iron, zinc, β-carotene » rice, sweet potato, beans, maize Nutrients being improved in crops (examples) * Iron, zinc, β-carotene » rice, sweet potato, beans, maize * Tryptophan, lysine » maize © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

* Sustainable approach * Cost effective Biofortification vs Conventional fortification * Biofortification focuses on making plant foods more nutritious as the plants are growing * Conventional fortification nutrients are added to the foods as they are being processed * Better strategy for dealing with micronutrient deficiencies in the developing world * Sustainable approach * Cost effective © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

Strategy to evaluate nutritional impact * Nutrient concentration (higher levels of priority nutrients) * Nutrient bioavailability (how well does the body absorb and utilize the nutrient) * Nutrient retention (after cooking, processing, storage – how much of the nutrient is lost) * Consumer acceptability (will people eat it) © CSIR 2006 www.csir.co.za

Thank you. Obrigado.