Author name here for Edited books chapter 6 Facility Construction 6 chapter

Construction Planning The facility construction process involves the following phases: Programming Design Construction Occupancy

Programming Phase Deciding what to build Examining space, cost, and other criteria

Design Phase Design planning with architects Schematic drawings and cost estimates Design development with details such as HVAC systems Review and verify legal, bidding, and construction documents

Construction Phase Contract award with references and qualifications of all parties Construction schedule through substantial completion Construction process and change orders Inspection process

Occupancy Phase Finishing Occupancy permit Facility maintenance and renovations

Finding the Right Builder The construction process normally begins with analyzing which builder you might want to hire. There are numerous choices ranging from small local builders to national builders, and each option needs to be carefully considered. (continued)

Finding the Right Builder (continued) Keep the following issues in mind when looking at potential builders: Ability to obtain materials Ability to hire local workers Ability to purchase materials at a good cost Ability to galvanize subcontractors Ability to complete the project on time and under budget Ability to guarantee performance

Table 6.1

Preconstruction Phase Contract drawings include the following: Site drawings provide information on the geographic location, how the project contours to the land, any road and parking lots, and where current or future utilities will be placed. Architectural drawings show the floor plans from the lowest floor to the highest floor. Plumbing drawings show water distribution system from piping to fixtures. (continued)

Preconstruction Phase (continued) Structural drawings show the supporting systems such as foundations, columns, floor systems, roof systems, and other elements that are shown in great detail, such as where pieces should be welded together and how. Mechanical drawings provide information about the HVAC system, such as the location of duct work and where heating and air-conditioning units will be placed. Electrical drawings show the electronic demands for the building and placement of electric fixtures.

Construction Elements Foundation material: concrete, steel, wood Substructure Superstructure Exterior components: roofing Internal components: FFE, seating, flooring

Construction Elements: Soil Profiles of Fields Athletic fields tend to fall into one of three types of soil profiles: 1. Native soil 2. Modified native soil 3. Sand based The three components of soils: 1. Sand 2. Silt 3. Clay

Construction Elements: Field Playability The following factors make up field playability: Infiltration rate Percolation Degree of compaction (continued)

Construction Elements: Field Playability (continued) Infiltration rate of soil is rate at which water is absorbed from the surface into the soil itself. Percolation is amount of time it takes for water to pass through the soil and beyond the reach of the turfgrass roots. Compaction is the way in which individual particles in the soil fit together. In a good growing environment, particles are not too tightly packed together, creating space in the soil that allows air and water to pass through the ground. The more serious the compaction, the less pore space available to let air and water through the soil. If air and water are unable to pass through, roots are deprived of two of its vital ingredients for growth, and thus start to die.

Converting Grass to Turf The following six slides take you through the process of converting a grass field to synthetic turf.

Step 1: Prepare the Site Remove the grass field.

Step 2: Level the Ground The white and red sticks on the bulldozer are laser guided to make sure the field is level.

Step 3: Gather and Store Supplies Construction cannot proceed until all the supplies are delivered and available for use.

Step 4: Cover the Details Details, such as proper drainage, are critical during the construction process.

Step 5: Prepare Drainage Installing an under layer of stones will help water drain quickly from the field surface

Final Result

Construction Elements: Sustainability What does LEED certification mean? –LEED certification is the recognized standard for measuring building sustainability. –Achieving LEED certification is the best way for you to demonstrate that your building project is truly “green.” What are several strategies for building a sustainable sport facility?

Project Costs Standard budget items for a new building consist of the following: Preliminary costs Architectural fees Construction cost Equipment and furniture (up to 15% of total budget) Insurance costs Contingencies (usually 10% of total cost)

Preliminary Costs Acquisition of site Site development Legal fees Cost of bond issue Promotion and publicity Preliminary architect fees for preparation of preliminary plans Consultant fees (educational or specialist)

Architectural Fees Preparation of architectural and engineering plans (working plans) Supervision of construction Engineering requirements

Construction Cost Building contract and subcontracts Supervision costs Building permits

Equipment and Furniture Up to 15% of the total budget For buildings For outdoor play areas

Completion and Analysis Punch list Monitor the facility because most buildings come with a one-year warranty

Summary The facility construction process starts with finding a qualified builder capable of delivering the right building at the right price. With all the proper documents and supplies, construction can be started. Care needs to be taken to ensure the facility is built on budget without compromising quality.

Discussion Questions and Activities When does the construction process begin? (Hint: before you even start designing the facility.) Which documents are the most important for the construction process, and why? Tour a sport facility and examine all the construction elements in the facility. Go through a sport facility and conduct a sustainability audit by identifying specific techniques to reduce waste.