Philosophical Chairs Evolution is no longer a theory, it is a fact.

What you know? What are the 6 traits of a civilization? What are 2 major differences between Judaism and other ancient religions?

Prehistory Neolitic Revolution Traits of Civilization Early Humans Prehistoric=before written records

Prehistory-3500 BC Prehistory: Before written records

Understanding Prehistory Archaeology: the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind Arch.=remains and artifacts Anthro.=culture Paleo.-animals Artifacts-made by people

artifacts: tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings, and other items of early people Arch.=remains and artifacts Anthro.=culture Paleo.-animals Artifacts-made by people

Anthropologist: studies culture – uses artifacts and fossils to determine how people lived their lives Culture: Unique way of life of a people

Early Stages of Development

Stage 1 - Hominid: the earliest human-like creatures that walked upright

Stage 2 – Homo Erectus: “upright human being” More & larger tools Learned to use fire First to leave Africa & move into Europe & Asia

Stage 3 – Homo Sapiens: “wise human being” Neanderthals – first found in Neander Valley in Germany - first people to bury their dead Homo Sapiens Sapiens – first humans who looked like us

The Paleolithic Age Old Stone Age Used simple stone tools

Lifestyle Nomads – moved from place to place following the animal migration & vegetation cycles

Major advances Mastery of fire Art – cave drawings The polychrome painting above, of a "cow and a horse," is a paleolithic cave painting from the caves at Lascaux, in the Dordogne region of France.  -- 15,000 BCE

The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization

NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION: The shift from hunting of animals and gathering of food to the keeping of animals and the growing of food on a regular basis that occurred around 8000 B.C.

Neolithic = Greek for “new stone”

Consequences of the Neolithic Revolution: Organized communities Trading of goods Systematic agriculture Population explosion

Civilization: a complex culture in which large numbers of people share a number of common elements

6 Characteristics of Civilization 1. Cities 2. Government 3. Religion 4. Social Structure 5. Writing 6. Art

1. The Rise of Cities First developed in river valleys where people could carry on large-scale farming to feed large populations

2. Government Growing population, need to maintain food supply, and build walls for defense led to organization of the government Organize & regulate human activity monarchs

3. Religion Developed to explain the workings of nature and the fact of their own existence Priests – power by divine authority & led rituals to gain the favor of the gods

Upper Class --priests, government officials, and warriors 4. Social Structure Upper Class --priests, government officials, and warriors Middle Class farmers, artisans, and craftspeople Slaves

5. Writing Scribes kept records Records developed into literature

6. Art Temples built for worship & burial Paintings & Sculptures – developed to portray gods & goddesses or natural forces