Baltimore Polytechnic Institute March 19, 2012 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Objectives: Students willanalyze New Deal legislation by evaluating the effectiveness of New Deal policies. AP Focus The first hundred days of Roosevelt’s presidency witness a torrent of executive and legislative programs, acts, and policies that attempt to deal with the Great Depression and to reform the economic system, so that the nation will never again experience such a devastating economic collapse. To jumpstart the economy, Roosevelt institutes an inflationary policy in which deficit spending is used to create jobs. It is hoped that this will reduce the number of people needing government aid and increase consumer spending, further stimulating demand and, consequently, higher employment. Income would be taxed to help defray the cost of federally funded jobs.

CHAPTER THEMES Roosevelt’s New Deal tackled the Great Depression with massive federal programs designed to bring about relief, recovery, and reform.

Closed the banks from March 6-10 Special Session of Congress-1 st 100 days Relief, Recovery, and Reform Rubber stamp Congress-legislative authority given to the President New Dealers used European models Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933 President has power to regulate banks transactions/foreign exchange/reopen solvent banks Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933 split commercial and investment banking FDIC Federal Securities Act SEC

Removed the U.S. from the Gold Standard Increased inflation by buying gold with paper currency Roosevelt set the price of gold Returned to gold for international trade in Feb 1934 Jobs Civilian Conservation Corps, TVA Federal Emergency Relief Act-FERA: direct relief to states Agricultural Adjustment Act-unconstitutional 1936 Home Owners’ Loan Corporation-shifted people to the Democratic Party CWA-leaf raking, “The only thing we have to fear… is work itself” National Recovery Administration-unconstitutional 1935

Father Charles Coughlin “Social Justice” Dr. Francis E. Townsend $200/month for people over 60 Huey Long $5,000/year guaranteed income for everyone Share Our Wealth program

Frances Perkins-1 st woman cabinet member, Labor Department Mary McLeod Bethune-African-American, office of Minority Affairs in the NYA Margaret Mead-anthropologist

WPA-built roads, public buildings, bridges, and do- nothing jobs National Labor Relations Act Wagner Act Social Security Act Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act Plant soil conserving crops-soybeans 2 nd AAA Fair Labor Standards Act

1. How did the early New Deal legislation attempt to achieve the three goals of relief, recovery, and reform? 2. Which of the New Deal’s many programs to reform the economy and alleviate the depression was the most successful, and why? (You may identify and discuss more than one.) Which was least successful, and why? 3. Were direct federal efforts to provide work for the unemployed—such as the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration—justified either in terms of their immediate benefits to workers or as means of stimulating the economy. Why or why not? 4. Why did the New Deal arouse such opposition from conservatives, including those on the Supreme Court?

Read Chapter 33 Prepare for 5 question reading check on Tuesday