New Centers of Civilization

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Presentation transcript:

New Centers of Civilization Chapter 2 Section 3

The Roles of Nomadic Peoples Although civilizations are abundant, some people remain pastoral nomads Viewed as hostile outsiders, barbaric Often helped transportation of technology with trade

Indo-Europeans a particular group of people who used a language derived from a single parent tongue. Around 2000 B.C. travel Asia Minor (Turkey) 1750 B.C. form Hittite kingdom Capital Hattusha

Hittite Kingdom Challenge Egypt for power First to use iron Destroyed by the “sea peoples”

The Phoenicians Came to power after fall of Egyptians and Hittites. Located in Palestine (a region) along Mediterranean Sea Traders of purple dye, glass, and lumber

Phoenicians Legacy Phoenician Alphabet Passed on to Greeks, eventually becoming Roman alphabet that we use today 22 characters or letters

The Israelites Founders of Judaism Later influences Christianity and Islam Hebrew Bible, known to Christians as the Old Testament

The Israelites Biblical accounts not proven Is known that they emerge as a distinct group between 1200 and 1000 B.C. Form a united kingdom known as Israel

King Solomon Ruled from 970 – 930 B.C. Control over all of Palestine Jerusalem is capital Best known for his temple Eventually overrun by the Assyrians

Spiritual Dimensions of Israel One God = Yahweh This is known as monotheistic Jews must obey law of God, known as the Ten Commandments

The Rise of New Empires Chapter 2 Section 4

The Assyrian Empire Empire by 700 B.C. in Mesopotamia Great communication established A question answered by king within 1 week (HAHA)

The Assyrians Ashurbanipal Considered the greatest Assyrian King. He collected the writings of Mesopotamia and est. the great library of Nineveh

Nineveh

The Assyrians Very brutal Short lived empire, ends by 612 B.C.

The Persian Empire Lived in what is now southwest Iran Cyrus captured Babylon, allowed Jews to return to Jerusalem. Was known for mercy

The Persian Empire Split into 20 provinces called satrapies Had Royal Road Advanced and large military The Immortals, elite force of 10,000

The Persian Fall High taxes lower loyalty Persian Kings promiscuous Example King Artaxerxes II had 115 sons Conquered by Alexander the Great in 330s B.C. King Xerxes of the Persians in “300”

Persian Religion Zoroastrianism Original Religion of the Persian Empire Zoroaster Founder and Prophet of the Religion. Also known as Zarathustra. Book: Zend Avesta, the recorded teachings of Zoroaster. Monotheistic Taught belief in one universal, all-powerful god. Ahura Mazda The god of Zoroastrianism

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