Regulation and the Nervous System
What is “REGULATION”? To maintain a stable internal environment in a changing external environment; to keep the body “regular.”
Nervous system The body’s way of sending internal electrochemical messages from place to place
Functions of the nervous system: Response to stimuli Control of voluntary muscles and voluntary reflexes. Control of involuntary muscles (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands) and autonomic reflexes (heart rate, blood pressure, glandular secretion, etc.) Integration of body processes Responsible for conscious thought and perception, emotions, personality, the mind
1) Stimulus and Response
Stimulus: Detectable change in the environment Sensor: Structures that can detect change Nerve impulse: Electrochemical signal. Effector: Muscle or gland. Response: Change in that gland or muscle.
The Sensor: Sensory Organs Eyes Ears Nose Tongue Skin/lips
2) Control of Voluntary Muscles and Voluntary Reflexes The Sensory organs and nerves, along with the voluntary muscles and their nerves make up the peripheral nervous system
The Neuron (Cyton)
The Neuron
The Synapse
The Nerve Impulse: The Sensory Neuron
The Nerve Impulse: Interneurons
The Nerve Impulse: The Motor Neuron Effector
Reaction Time Lab
Holding our breath caused our heart rate to go up 3) Control of involuntary muscles (smooth muscle, cardiac muscle) and autonomic reflexes (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) Holding our breath caused our heart rate to go up
4) Integration of body processes
5) Responsible for conscious thought and perception, emotions, personality, the mind
The Brain Cerebrum: Cerebellum Medulla: Corpus Callosum The Brain and Spinal cord make up the Central Nervous System. Cerebrum: The “thinking” part; memory and cognition. Cerebellum Balance and coordination Medulla: Involuntary activity (heart rate, breathing) Corpus Callosum Connects left and right brain hemispheres