1. THE LEGACY OF WWII  US policy:  Interventionists = United Nations Human cost Holocaust –Nuremberg Trials—1946 –Toyko Trials  The Cold War 1946 to 1989  WWII today

UN Democracy Communism Limited Democracy 1 Party State Military Dictatorship Dictatorship Monarchy No Self Government No Government China U.S.AU.S.A *Great Britain **France * ** Soviet Union Founders of the United Nations in 1945 Permanent seats on the Security Council. Replaced the League of Nations to promote world peace

The Creation of the U. N.

 50 to 60 million people die  US spent $300 billion  National debt $252 billion

WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WW II Casualties: Asia Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

Country Men in war Battle deathsWounded Australia1,000,00026,976180,864 Austria800,000280,000350,117 Belgium625,0008,46055,513 1 Brazil 2 40, ,222 Bulgaria339,7606,67121,878 Canada1,086, , ,145 China 3 17,250,5211,324,5161,762,006 Czechoslovakia—6, ,017 Denmark—4,339— Finland500,00079,04750,000 France—201,568400,000 Germany20,000,0003,250, ,250,000 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History. 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

Country Men in war Battle deathsWounded Greece—17,02447,290 Hungary—147,43589,313 India2,393,89132,12164,354 Italy3,100,000149, ,716 Japan9,700,0001,270,000140,000 Netherlands280,0006,5002,860 New Zealand194,00011, ,000 Norway75,0002,000— Poland—664,000530,000 Romania650, ,000 6 — South Africa410,0562,473— U.S.S.R.20,000,0006,115, ,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896,000357, ,267 United States16,112,566291,557670,846 Yugoslavia3,741,000305,000425,000 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History. 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. Do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

WW II Casualties Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia1,000,00026,976180,864 Austria800,000280,000350,117 Belgium625,0008,460 55,513 1 Brazil 2 40, ,222 Bulgaria339,7606,67121,878 Canada 1,086, , ,145 China 3 17,250,5211,324,5161,762,006 Czechoslovakia— 6, ,017 Denmark—4,339— Finland500,00079,04750,000 France—201,568400,000 Germany20,000,000 3,250, ,250,000 Greece—17,02447,290 Hungary—147,43589,313 India2,393,89132,12164,354 Italy3,100, , ,716 Japan9,700,0001,270,000140,000 Netherlands280,0006,5002,860 New Zealand 194,000 11, ,000 Norway75,0002,000— Poland—664,000530,000 Romania 650, ,000 6 — South Africa 410,0562,473— U.S.S.R.— 6,115, ,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896, , ,267 United States 16,112,566291,557670,846 Yugoslavia3,741,000305,000425,000 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

HUMAN DISLOATIONS

Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life, especially by fire The genocide of European Jews and other “undesirables” by the Nazis during World War II Hitler killed over 12 million “undesirables” which 6 million were Jews in his concentration camps

JewsMy first and foremost task will be the annihilation of the Jews. Aryan"All the human culture, all the results of art, science, and technology that we see before us today, are almost exclusively the creative product of the Aryan..." AryanJew"The mightiest counterpart to the Aryan is represented by the Jew." Jew"And so I believe to-day that my conduct is in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator. In standing guard against the Jew I am defending the handiwork of the Lord."

The final solution itself... to put it bluntly, the extermination of the Jews, was not provided for by Reich Law. It was a Führer's Order, a so-called Führer's Order. Adolf Eichmann,

nuremberg Hitler blames Jews for problems of Germany Loss of WWILoss of WWI German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression Jews identified as a “race” – not a religion A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins Save Germany from impurities Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws A Common Enemy

Phase Phase –A Common Enemy : Re-Education –Citizenship Rights? –German Jews face deportation –Violence Escalates----Kristalnacht Phase 2 ( )Phase 2 ( ) –World War II Declared (England and France) –Ghettos and Forced Labor Camps –Germans begin mass executions of European Jews and Eastern Europeans. –Einzsengruben death squads Phase 3: The Final SolutionPhase 3: The Final Solution –Move to concentration camps –Mass extermination with gas chambers Three Phases of Hatred

Death Camps Auschwitz was the main death camp

Genocide: Policy of exterminating a race of people…..Nazi policy from 1941 to Holoc aust

Nazi leaders being tried for war crimes and crimes against civilians: Established the principle: That individuals are responsible for the actions regardless if they are carrying out orders…….

trial  Crimes against peace, humanity—war crimes  Important principle established:  Individuals responsible for their actions

trial Several Nazi leaders would be found guilty for crimes against humanity. Punishments ranged from prison sentences up to life and execution by hanging…...

Japanese War Crimes Trials General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experiments on humans!

Yalta KEY DECISIONS United Nations  Created a United Nations  Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones controlled by the Allies free elections  Eastern European countries allowed “free elections”  Stalin signed agreements but Eastern Europe would stay under Soviet control. “You cannot trust the words of a dictator”. Yalta Conference shaped the post WWII world. The lasting effect was: “You cannot trust the words of a dictator”.

coldwar Soviet Goals Wanted to rebuild Europe in ways that would help the Soviet Union recover from the huge losses it suffered during the war Wanted to establish Soviet satellite nations, countries subject to Soviet domination and sympathetic to Soviet goals Wanted to promote the spread of communism throughout the world American Goals Wanted conquered European nations to experience the democracy and economic opportunity that the United States had fought for during the war Wanted to develop strong capitalist economies, which would provide good markets for American products

Uneasy peace between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Competition for world dominance and global power. Fought on political and economic fronts rather than on military battlefields Even though the threat of war was always present. Defined America’s foreign policy from 1946 to It affected domestic politics and how Americans viewed the world and themselves. Constant state of military preparedness and arms race  Propaganda war----Democracy vs Communism  US policy: Support nations threatened by Communism coldwar

NATONATO Communistic Warsaw Pact

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War map/cold war Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. Democracy vs. Communism Bi-Polarization of the World US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies. 1950’s

atomic bomb The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons. U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “ deterrent ” Peace through strength…… “nuclear diplomacy” The world would now live with the threat of nuclear war. Arms race between Soviet Union and U.S. who could build the most nuclear weapons. U.S. would use nuclear weapons as a “ deterrent ” Peace through strength…… “nuclear diplomacy”

map/cold war Soviet Union/China and Allies…….. Containment: Stop the expansion of Communism in Asia and Europe US, Allied Nations and Allied colonies. 1950’s

Communist Expansion Communist Expansion A Chronology of Events China 1949 Soviet Union 1918 Korean War 1950 to 1953 Eastern Europe 1946 CONTAINMENT Marshall Plan Berlin Airlift NATO Korean War Berlin Blockade X X X X

7 Future American Presidents Lives Were Formed by Their Service in World War II

The Race for Space

Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, COBOL language Colossus, 1941

The De-Colonization of European Empires

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements