Climate change and Environmental Degradation Risk and Adaptation assessment Step 5 adaptation options

CEDRA helps agencies to build on existing DRR tools and approaches

Select adaptation options Research adaptation options Consult communities, local and national government and other NGOs. Review and amend adaptation options from CEDRA Field Tool Checklist Likely impacts of climate change and environmental degradation Adaptation option Land Land degradation  Desertification eg due to overgrazing, overintensive farming, extensive logging.  Soil erosion eg caused by overintensive farming and grazing.  Land degradation due to growth or movement of populations.  Deforestation eg due to logging, land clearance – including through burning forest and shrubs.  Land degradation can result in choking water run-off channels and flooding.  Loss of biodiversity eg due to overintensive farming or changes in climate resulting in changes in breeding or migratory routes for flora and fauna. Maximise biodiversity, soil fertility & land use  Floating gardens.  Crop rotation to maintain soil quality, minimise erosion (reducing the risk of desertification) and plant less water- dependant crops in drier years (rotate legumes and other crops).  Community forest management and reforestation.

Evaluate alternatives Discuss and compare the benefits of alternative adaptation options with stakeholders

Select adaptation options Discuss & agree whether to: adapt existing projects and/ or identify new higher priority projects PART 2: Project risk assessment (Incorporate analysis from Exercises 2.1, 3.2 and 4.1) Sig = Significance of impact: (4= high; 1= low) Lik= Likelihood of impact: (4= high; 1= low) Rsk= Risk = Significance X Likelihood (Multiply figures D and E) A Sector(s) B Projects C CC and/or ED impacts DEF G Adaptation option 1. Livelihoods Microcredt enterprise Erratic rainfall could mean enterprises fail Diversify to include enterprises that are not all reliant on rain. Predicted landslides mean communities may need to relocate. 224 No action. Or possibly avoid risk by relocating livelihood sites. 2. Agriculture Tree nurseries Rapid run-off is reducing soil quality Cooperate with a local land protection group in the local council and monitor their progress on constructing contour bunds to slow down water run-off and retain soil. Changes in rainfall mean tree pests breed faster; trees are dying. Likely to get worse No manageable solution could be found regarding tree pests. Alley cropping Trees may be susceptible to tree pests, preventing them from protecting crops 326 Local NGO, Eco-trees, have agreed to identify and provide new tree species for alley cropping and to monitor them for resilience. 3. All sectorsAll projects The risk of flooding could lead to beneficiaries’ homes being destroyed. This may affect their involvement in the project New project retrofitting homes to strengthen them against flooding. Local government technical officer has provided design and has agreed to inspect them at completion. 4. New sector New project Potential impacts associated with this project 212 New proposed adaptation project may itself need adapting.

A selection of Tearfund’s adaptation work Market gardens Seed banks Alley cropping Inter-cropping Flood diversion channels Evacuation plans Tree coppicing Advocacy Reforestation Livelihood diversification Well point monitoring Zai technique Replanting mangroves Grain banks Rainwater harvesting Flood/ drought resistant crops Cyclone shelters Sustainable Water Resources Management Efficient wood burning stoves Education programmes Rainwater catchment bunds Nomadic fixation sites Demi-lunes

Forgotten practices revived India: Rainwater catchment bunds

Ethiopia: Diverse Planting Trees and plants protect each other

Kenya: Alley Cropping Protecting & improving poor soils

Niger: Natural Reforestation Dead forests, living roots

Burkina Faso: Demi-lunes

Niger: Nomadic fixation sites Wells and dykes support Nomadic fixation sites

Bangladesh: flood evacuation route

Burkina Faso: The Zai technique Food from barren soil

India: women’s livelihoods project Livelihood diversification

Bangladesh: Floating gardens Adapting to floods

Burkina Faso: Community market gardens Alternative diet

Honduras: Replanting mangroves Coastal protection

Niger: Grain banks Food security

India: community led response

Efficient irrigation project