The Civil War Battle Overview

Population Difference between North and South in 1861 *Chart taken from The Americans Ch. 4

Advantages and Disadvantages? Union Advantages Confederate Advantages Union Disadvantages Confederate Disadvantages

Battles at a Glance ► Fort Sumter April 12-14, 1861 (Confederate Victory) ► 1st Bull Run July 21, 1861 (Confederate Victory) ► Battle of the Ironclads March 9, 1862 (Stalemate) ► 2nd Bull Run Aug , 1862 (Confederate Victory) ► Antietam Sept , 1862 (Undecided - Union Strategic Victory) -Bloodiest Single Day of War ( ) *Timeline information taken from

► Fredericksburg Dec , 1862 (Confederate Victory) ► Chancellorsville April 30-May 6, 1863 (Confederate Victory) ► Vicksburg May 18-July 4, 1863 (Union Victory) ► Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 (Union Victory) ► Sherman’s March Sept.-Nov (Union Victory) ► Confederacy Surrenders at Appomattox on April 9, 1865 Ending the Civil War * * Timeline information taken from

Fort Sumter ► President Lincoln planned to send supplies to the Union men at the Fort but the Confederate forces fired on the Fort demanding surrender. ► Union surrendered two days later, no casualties. *Photo taken from

*Map from

1 st Bull Run ► First bloodshed of the war ► Union held advantage in the morning but by afternoon the Confederacy with their reinforcements won ► Confederate General Thomas J. Jackson was nicknamed “Stonewall Jackson” at this battle ► Confederate morale was high after they won, many soldiers thought the war was over and they left the army to go home *Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4

1 st Bull Run/ *Map from

Battle of the Ironclads ► USS Monitor and CSS Virginia (formerly the USS Merrimac) fought the first naval battle between iron- sided ships ► Battle ended in a tactical stalemate *Photo and information taken from

2 nd Bull Run ► Proved to be another Confederate victory when the Union was chased back by heavy artillery fire ► Southern morale remained high *Photo and information taken from

2 nd Bull Run/ *Map from

Antietam ► Union forces had advantage due to finding General Lee’s orders wrapped around cigars where the Confederate troops were camped ► Lee and Jackson were going to be separated for a while so McClellan ordered the Union to attack Lee’s army at the Antietam Creek ► Sept. 17 th was the bloodiest single day in U.S. history, more than 26,000 casualties total ► McClellan chose not to pursue Lee’s army and possibly end the war, the next day Lincoln replaced him and issued the Emancipation Proclamation days later *Information taken from The Americans Ch. 4

*Map from

Emancipation Proclamation ► Listen to the Emancipation Proclamation read aloud ► ► Read the document with a partner and discuss its meanings ► On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions: ► Did the Emancipation Proclamation free all slaves? Explain ► What were Lincoln’s motives for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation? *Document image from *Audio Emancipation Proclamation from

Fredericksburg ► General Burnside replaced General McClellan as the head of the Army of the Potomac ► Burnside organized the Union Army well but gave vague orders, proving to be costly at Fredericksburg as the Union lost over 12,000 men, 60% at the stone wall *Information and photo from

*Map from

Chancellorsville ► General Lee outnumbered almost 2 to 1 beats the Union Army in his greatest victory ► Although a strategic and tactical victory for the Confederate forces, Lee loses his “right arm” only six days after the battle when Stonewall Jackson dies from his wounds which were inflicted by his own men when returning to the camp after dark at Chancellorsville ► Jackson’s last words: “Let us cross over the river and rest in the shade of the trees.” *Information from *Jackson quote from

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Vicksburg ► U. S. Grant laid siege on the town of Vicksburg for two months and eventually they surrendered ► Vicksburg proved to be a critical Union victory as it gave them control over the Mississippi River and split the Confederate forces in two ► General Grant and his victorious Western campaign led to his appointment as General-in- Chief of the Union armies Information from

*Map from

Gettysburg ► General Lee intended to attack Washington but accidentally ran into Union General Meade and the Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg ► Fighting lasted three days and over this time more men fought and died than in any other battle on American soil ► Although one of the greatest battles in American history, General Meade failed to pursue Lee as he was retreating and did not end the war when he had the chance ► The farthest North the Confederacy ever went *Information from

*Map from

Gettysburg Address Lincoln's short speech to honor the soldiers lost at Battle of Gettysburg during cemetery dedication Lincoln's short speech to honor the soldiers lost at Battle of Gettysburg during cemetery dedication One of the most important speeches in U.S. history One of the most important speeches in U.S. history Watch the Gettysburg Address

Huh? Rewrite the Gettysburg Address in your own words with a partner. "Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, on this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives, that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate—we cannot hallow— this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain— that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."

Sherman’s March ► William Tecumseh Sherman utilized a tactic known as “total war” ► Total war involves every part of the landscape, military and civilian ► Sherman and his troops lived off of the land as they marched toward the sea and destroyed everything they didn’t use ► This idea of total war proved to be very effective as it wears down the civilian support of the opposing forces *Information from

Sherman’s March to the Sea *Map from

Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House ► Lee knows that his forces are too weak to continue fighting, unable to renew their supply lines, their fallen men, or their resources ► Generals Lee and Grant meet in the parlor of the McLean House in Appomattox Court House to discuss the terms of surrender ► Confederate soldiers are allowed to take their horses and the officers are allowed to take their personal side arms but all other equipment is surrendered ► Lee immediately pushes for reconciliation with the Union as he had disagreed with secession all along *Information from

McLean House in Appomattox ► Site of Lee’s surrender to Grant on April 9, 1865 ► Close to the site of the 1 st Battle of Bull Run! *Photo taken from

Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia, by Robert E. Lee After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources. I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles who have remained steadfast to the last that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them; but feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that would have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged. You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection. With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell. *Poem taken from

President Lincoln Assassinated ► Let’s take a virtual tour of Ford’s Theatre where John Wilkes Booth shot President Lincoln just five days after the Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox Court House ► Lincoln was not killed immediately, he actually died the next morning ► John Wilkes Booth was shot and killed fleeing through Virginia ► Take the tour! Take the tour! Take the tour! *Virtual tour from