Binary to Decimal Conversion 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

IP Addresses An IP address in IP version 4 has 32 bits A computer only knows binary (0s and 1s) An IP address in IP version 4 has 32 bits (separated by periods into 4 octets) 11000000.10101000.00001010.10010110

IP Addresses Dotted decimal format An IP address of 192.168.10.150  Humans are more familiar with decimal numbers, so we use a Dotted decimal format An IP address of 192.168.10.150 has a Binary equivalent of 11000000.10101000.00001010.10010110 Conversion can be done in Windows calculator. Make sure to include any leading zeros to make a full octet.

IP Addresses IP Addresses have 2 Parts: Network Number and Host Number. In the IP Address 192.168.10.150 the Network Number is 192.168.10 and the Host Number is 150 The Correct Notation is 192.168.10.0 and 0.0.0.150

IP Addresses IP Address Classes Class Decimal Binary A 0-126 00000000 - 01111110 B 128-191 1000000 - 10111111 C 192-223 11000000 – 11011111

IP Addresses In binary, the highest number 8 bits can designate is 11111111 or 255 in decimal. IP Class Subnet masks Class Subnet mask - Decimal Subnet mask - Binary A 255.0.0.0 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 B 255.255.0.0 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 C 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000

IP Addresses To differentiate between the network portion and the host portion, network administrators use subnet masks. The default subnet mask for the Class C IP address of 192.168.10.150 is 255.255.255.0 In binary: 11000000.10101000.00001010.10010110 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 11000000.10101000.00001010.00000000 192 .168 .10 .0

Convert decimal to binary in Windows calculator Go to Start, Run and type in: calc Type in a decimal number: 100 Click on radio button beside bin (binary) and the binary equivalent will show in the answer box: 1100100 (7 bits) Be careful the answer box doesn’t show leading 0s: 01100100 (8 bits)

Ipconfig - Windows 2000 Go to Start, Run and type in cmd Type in ipconfig /? Type in ipconfig /all Type in ipconfig /release Type in ipconfig /renew

PING Packet Internet Groper (PING) is a utility that can verify that TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating with the network. Type ping 127.0.0.1 Type ping your IP address Type ping another computer in your network Type ping your default gateway Type ping www.yahoo.com (internet host)

An Example Subnet a Class C network, 200.133.175.0, into 14 subnets for security, traffic control and multiple locations. 2n - 2 = number of subnets (need minimum of 14 subnets) where n = number of bits borrowed 2?-2 > 14 24-2 = 16 Borrow four bits = subnet mask 255.255.255.240 Table

An Example 200.133.175.0 11001000.100000101.10101111.00000000 255.255.255.240 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 Example