Slide 1 of 26 Chemistry

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 2 of 26 Properties of Matter Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use in chopsticks. It has no noticeable odor or taste. It is hard, yet easy to split, and it is heat resistant. You will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter. 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Slide 3 of 26 Describing Matter How can properties used to describe matter be classified? 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 4 of 26 Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. 2.1

Slide 5 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Extensive Properties An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample. The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. 2.1

Slide 6 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Describing Matter Intensive Properties An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. Examples: Hardness, density, melting point, boiling point. The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property. 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Slide 7 of 26 Identifying Substances Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties? 2.1

Slide 8 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances Substance: Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Can be an element or compound. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance. 2.1

Slide 9 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance. 2.1

Slide 10 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition. 2.1

Slide 11 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties. 2.1

Slide 12 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Slide 13 of 26 States of Matter What are three states of matter? 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 14 of 26 Properties of Matter > States of Matter Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. 2.1

Slide 15 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Solids A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume. 2.1

Slide 16 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Liquid A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume. 2.1 State of Matter Definite shape Definite volume Compressible? Solid Liquid Gas

Slide 17 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter Gases A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. State of Matter Definite shape Definite volume Solid Liquid Gas 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 18 of 26 Properties of Matter > States of Matter Animation 1 Relate the states of matter to the arrangements of their particles.

Slide 19 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > States of Matter There is a difference between the words “gas” and “vapor”. “Gas” is used for substances that are in the gaseous state at room temperature. Example: oxygen Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. Example: water vapor. 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Slide 20 of 26 Physical Changes How can physical changes be classified? 2.1

Slide 21 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Physical Changes During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change. 2.1

Slide 22 of 26 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Properties of Matter > Physical Changes Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible. Reversible: ex: change from one state to another. Irreversible: Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg. 2.1

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 23 of 26 Section Quiz -or- Continue to: Launch: Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section 2.1 Section Quiz. 2.1.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 24 of 26 1.Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? a.temperature b.color c.mass d.hardness 2.1 Section Quiz.

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 25 of Section Quiz. 2.Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? a.all properties of a substance b.intensive properties c.chemical properties d.physical properties

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 26 of Section Quiz. 3.Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: (1) takes the volume and shape of its container (2) has a definite shape and volume (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape a.(1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas b.(1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid c.(1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

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