Greetings and Welcome to this consultation

The sustainability matrix which sanitation has to address: Social Technical Institutional Economic/Financial Ecological About Sustainable Sanitation

Trend of Sanitation Coverage; India

Started 1999 Goal – Stop open defecation by 2012 Through IEC, behaviour change and demand pull Community participation Cost sharing; Central, State and Beneficiary Sanitation choice : The single pit latrine with a pour flush pan Total Sanitation Campaign A shift from the twin pit pour flush toilet, which was envisaged in CRSP as the appropriate solution

TSC- Present Scenario Target set in 2001: 119.8million individual HH toilets 57.6 million completed by August 2009 Which is 48% Fund Structure Total Projects Outlay Approved ShareRelease of fundsExpenditure Reported CentreStateBenefCentralStateBenefTotalCentreState Bene f Total GRAND TOTAL (Rs in Crores) Table: Funds; shares, approval, release and expenditure under TSC as on Source:

Some evaluations

WaterAid Study of TSC Qualitative assessment Study undertaken by Knowledge Links, May- Aug 2008 Five states(Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka and Tripura) – 40 GPs of 20 blocks in 10 districts

Some findings: Significant disconnect in terms of intent & action Campaign mode of implementation is better performing CLTS approach with encouraging results in Haryana Subsidy didn’t work in Bihar and Chhattisgarh Lack of technical knowledge Poor quality of construction Lack of sustained sanitation in NGP

“A Survey of Household Water and Sanitation” supported by Arghyam Dec 2008/Jan 2009 Sampling of 17,200 households across the state of Karnataka

Sanitation situation: 72% HH Open defecation (IHHL achievement in TSC programme in Karntaka in July 2008 was reported as 28.68% ; good agreement) Performance of 14 NGP villages covered in survey, on OD

Strengths Committed financial resources Programme focusing on all elements- HHL, School, Pre school, Supply chain, SLWM, Communication and capacity building, incentive system Local bodies taking lead Weaknesses Inadequate focus on hygiene promotion Weak supply chain affecting post construction support and O&M Weak monitoring system for process parameters Lack monitoring of usage and sustainability of the toilets Opportunities Increased awareness among PRIs, Women groups and government officials Successful models in all states for scaling up No dearth of resources Threats Too rapid scaling up Poor monitoring of clean village award (NGP) SWOT Analysis of TSC Program (India Country Paper- SACOSAN III)

SACOSAN III – The Delhi Declaration Importance to O&M- sustenance, not just toilet building Importance to integrating sanitation with other programs like health and education Importance to alt. solutions that conserve water, protect environmental, reuse waste Provide range of options depending on demand and willingness to pay

New TSC Guidelines (proposed) Sanitation is a human right Draw learnings and incorporate in TSC Demand driven community led approach for total and sustained sanitation Village sanitation plan (includes prevention of contamination of water sources) Review for quality of construction and regular usage

New TSC Guidelines (proposed) Incorporating learnings from experience, input from civil society etc. Toilet cost estimate and corresponding subsidy has also increased

Ecosan Ecosan

Hard rock areas Areas with water scarcity High water table Flood-prone areas Extreme winters Ecosan by Geography; India

No. of Ecosan projects: 27

Fertilizer value: In a national context If we added up everyone’s pee could it cover the fertilizer requirement of the country ? -- No; but could make a significant dent for phosphorus and potash -- National food security – import of fert. Ministry of Fertilizers should see the value in promoting ecosan

Fertilizer value: in a local context Productive kitchen gardens Source of fertilizer for small dry-land farmers who have not been using chem. fertilizer One more element in local organic biomass based fertilizer/manures

AreasType of workRemarks UASResearch Application of human urine in crop production Kolar (Myrada) 204 toilets in 4 villages Hard rock, water scarcity and a good community base of Myrada Mysore (Myrada) Gujrat (Utthan)20 toiletsCoastal region Manipur20 toiletsPrevent water contamination (?) Chittoor, AP12 toiletsWater scarcity Bundelkhand, Bihar (DA)2 toiletsExperimental Khagaria, Bihar(MPA)6 toiletsFlood prone Effort so far: Arghyam’s Experience Learning: Need to explore more approaches for acceptability and usability Require post project support to community Research needs on: Protocols for urine use Design and cost reduction