Agreement in which a worker commits to not join a labor union 1890 law that sought to break up business conglomerates Ways to get around in the growing cities Anti-immigrant system of beliefs Industrialization NYC immigration station; many immigrants from Europe entered through here Growth of factories and machine production in the late 1800s Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 law that banned immigration from China Worst scandal of the Grant administration Ellis Island Money embezzled from the government Amusement Park President of the Knights of Labor Trolleys & Elevators Nativism Urbanization Captain of Industry Robber Baron Haymarket Affair SocialismArbitrationYellow-Dog Contract Sherman Antitrust Act Typewriter U.S. Steel Great Strike of 1877 Child Labor “Teddy Bear” president Process by which iron is made into steel Election to remove an official from office Growth of cities Complementary way of describing a wealthy businessman Insulting way of describing a wealthy businessman 1886 Riot in Chicago; police officers were killed; labor movement was discredited Belief that workers should control means of production & wealth should be distributed more equally Negotiation between labor and management; third party will make the final decision Theory that new cultures stick together & don’t blend in completely with “American culture” New Immigrants Vertical Integration Injunction Mugwumps Salad Bowl Monopoly Strike Secret (Australian) Ballot Melting Pot Laissez Faire Referendum Pendleton Act Collective Bargaining Labor Union One business which totally controls production of a good Workers refuse to work in order to win better wages and working conditions Voting reform; votes are recorded on paper ballot but the voter remains anonymous Theory that immigrants become assimilated into “American Culture” Idea that business operates best when unregulated by the government; French for “leave it alone” Ballot item which allows the public rather than the legislature to approve or reject a law 1883 reform requiring civil service exams for government employees Place where families could go for the day to ride roller coasters & Ferris wheels (ex: Coney Island) Power of a union to negotiate a contract for all its members at a single time Organization of workers Party organization which controls city politics Reform movement of western farmers

Financier of corporate mergers Founder and president of the American Federation of Labor (AF of L) Early “muckraker”, author of How the Other Half Lives Father of city parks; designer of NYC’s Central Park Grover Cleveland Most prolific inventor of the late 1800s & early 1900s: light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera, direct current, etc. Only president to serve non- consectuive terms; attacked by “Ma! Ma! Where’s My Pa?” Boss Tweed Head of NYC’ss Democratic machine (Tammany Hall) When all businesses involved in the production process merge together Thomas Edison President of the Confederacy Jane Addams They came from poor regions of Asia and Europe Jacob Riis Frederick Law Olmstead Alexander Graham Bell James Garfield Ulysses S. Grant Cornelius Vanderbilt John D. RockefellerGeorge WestinghouseJ.P. Morgan Samuel Gompers Hiram Revels Chester A. Arthur Charles Guiteau William T. Sherman Author of A Century of Dishonor Pen name used by the authors of The Federalist Paper Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Man credited with the Invention of the telephone in 1876 President assassinated by angry office-seeker Charles Guiteau Former Union general and reconstruction president whose administration was rife with corruption The first industrial tycoon, nicknamed the “Commodore”; his business was shipping and RRs Oil tycoon; master of Standard Oil Trust Inventor and advocate of the alternating current standard Steel tycoon; he lived a “rags to riches” life, proclaimed the “Gospel of Wealth” Leon Czolgosz Henry Ford William McKinley Rutherford B. Hayes Andrew Carnegie Scab Eugene V. Debs Pinkerton Edwin Drake Mark Twain Horatio Alger Thomas Nast Herbert Spencer George Pullman Replacement worker brought in to break a strike Founder of the American Railway Union; leader of the Pullman Strike Private detectives hired to infiltrate unions and break strikes Inventor of a new type of oil drill Author of Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer; called late 1800s the “Gilded Age” Author of dime novels which advocated honesty and hard work, such as Ragged Dick Most famous political cartoonist of the Gilded Age; attacked corruption Social reformer who created Hull House in Chicago to help immigrants British economist; coined the phrase “survival of the fittest”; “Social Darwinism” Railroad operator who created a “company town” in his own name in Pennsylvania Court order demanding an immediate stop to a certain action, such as a strike Anti-corruption Republicans who voted for Democratic presidential candidate Grover Cleveland in 1884