Technology in Action Chapter 7 Networking and Security: Connecting Computers and Keeping Them Safe from Hackers and Viruses

Chapter Seven Objectives Networks –Client/Server –Main components –Common types Hackers and harm Firewall Viruses Protection

Networking Fundamentals Definition Benefits Internet share

Network Architectures Nodes Peer-to-peer Client/Server

Networks and Distance LAN WAN

Data Transmission Media Twisted pair Coaxial Fiber optic

Data Navigation Devices Packets Routers Hubs

Networking Software For peer-to-peer For client/server

Peer-to-Peer Network Types Power line Phone line Ethernet Wireless

Power Line Networks Uses house wiring –Max at 14 Mbps Power line network adapter –USB or Ethernet Plug and play –Software Routers and hubs Uses phone lines and jacks –Sharing with phones –Max at 10 Mbps HPNA adapter or USB Routers and hubs

Ethernet Networks Most efficient –Usual speed at 100 Mbps Use unshielded twisted pair cable (UTP) Use routers and hubs Use NICS (network interface cards)

Ethernet Cabling Installation, distance UTP categories Cable Category Maximum Data Transfer Rate Category 5 (CAT 5)100 Mbps Category 5E (CAT 5E)200 Mbps Category 6 (CAT 6)1000 Mbps (1 Gbps) Fig 7.11

Ethernet Architecture Hubs Routers –DSL/cable routers Internet

Wireless Networks Radio waves, not cabling Wi-Fi –Several IEEE standards Wireless network adapter Transceiver

Wireless Considerations Range, signal degradation Node positions –Wireless access point Internet connection –Wireless DSL/cable routers

Peer-to-Peer Questions Existing wiring? Wireless also? How fast? Budget?

Comparing Home Networks Factors: Power Line Phone Line EthernetWireless Maximum data transfer rate (throughput) 14 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 to 1000 Mbps 11 to 54 Mbps Approximate cost to network two computers (adapters and wiring only) $160$120$135$225 Additional cost for adding Internet connection sharing $80$120$0$40 Approximate cost to add a computer to network $80$60$40$60

Configuring Home Network Software With XP With OS mix Without XP

Computer Safety Cybercrime Cybercriminals

Computer Threats: Hackers White hat Black hat Script kiddies Why Hack? Credit cards Packet sniffer Identity theft

Safety Tips Hide passwords, pins Personal info Passwords: –Numbers and letters –Obscure letter combinations FTC Identity Theft

Hacker Activities Trojan horses –Far-reaching damage –Back-door programs Denial of service Distributed DOS Hacker access: –Directly –Via logical ports

Firewall Protection Software –Easy, port protection Hardware

Firewalls … Block ports Hide network address Use packet-filtering Use NAT

Computer-At-Risk Testing Free test from Gibson Research Corporation Gibson Research Corporation

Computer Viruses Definition Kinds of damage Virus sources

Computer Viruses: Types Grouped by behavior and method of transmission –Boot sector –Logic bombs –Worms –Script and macro –Trojan Horses

How Viruses Avoid Detection Polymorphic Multi-partite Stealth

Antivirus Software Norton

Antivirus Software Virus signatures Known viruses “Signature” updates

Other Security Measures Update OS –System updates –Security patches

Networking and Security Topic Summary What is a network –Advantages Difference between a client/server network and a peer-to-peer (P2P) Main network components Common home networks Power line networks Phone line networks

Networking and Security Topic Summary Ethernet networks Wireless networks How hackers attack –Harm Firewall –How does it keep a computer safe Viruses Protection