1920’s Immigration Restriction

1921 Emergency Quota Act Immigrants per year cannot exceed 3% of total # of people from that country that already are in the U.S. Immigrants per year cannot exceed 3% of total # of people from that country that already are in the U.S. Ethnic & National identity determined admission to U.S. Ethnic & National identity determined admission to U.S. U.S. President Harding signed U.S. President Harding signed Morphs into the 1924 National Origins Act Morphs into the 1924 National Origins Act

1924 National Origins Act Immigration per year cannot exceed 2% of total # of people from that country already in the U.S. Immigration per year cannot exceed 2% of total # of people from that country already in the U.S. Permanent Policy – lasted 40 years Permanent Policy – lasted 40 years Based on the 1890 Census Based on the 1890 Census Excluded Southern & Eastern European immigrants Excluded Southern & Eastern European immigrants

Exemptions, Exclusions & Adjustments Exempted Hispanic immigration from Western Hemisphere Exempted Hispanic immigration from Western Hemisphere Mexican agriculture workers needed Mexican agriculture workers needed Excluded Asians – Excluded Asians – 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act 1892 & 1902 Renewed Indefinitely 1892 & 1902 Renewed Indefinitely 1924 Asian Exclusion Act – Part of National Origins Act 1924 Asian Exclusion Act – Part of National Origins Act Adjusted Native American Citizenship status Adjusted Native American Citizenship status Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 Interpretation of 14 th Amendment Interpretation of 14 th Amendment Citizenship to persons born in the U.S. only if “subject to the jurisdiction of” Citizenship to persons born in the U.S. only if “subject to the jurisdiction of”