Opportunities for Sorghum use in the Poultry Industry Raleigh, 17 April, 2013

2 Chromatin Overview – Focused on Sorghum 20+ million pounds of seed inventory produced and distributed annually Seed delivered to approximately 4 million acres each year Developing sorghum for traditional and renewable markets

3 Crop Water Use L.R. Stone

Sorghum Drought Mechanisms Drought Tolerance 50% more stomata per in 2 of leaf than corn Stomata are smaller Smaller leaf:root ratio than other crops Extensive root system Stay-Green Traits Perfect flowers* Drought Avoidance Heavy wax layer (bloom) on leaves/stems Slow/hasten maturity under stress Motor cells at leaf midrib to facilitate leaf curling under stress

5 Where is the yield tipping point? How do economics affect the tipping point? World vs U.S. cropping systems – How are we going to feed the world in the face of declining water supplies? – Chromatin is using this approach to target markets and product development Tipping Points for Yield and Economics Sorghum Corn Growing Season Water Supply No Water Stressed Rainfed Limited Irrigation Water Not Limiting

6 Multi-year Studies in Kansas & Nebraska Yield comparisons, n = 202: – Corn and sorghum hybrid tests at same location, KS, NE – Cropping-system or rotations studies with both crops in same year in same rotation Production Costs and Returns: – 2012 Corn and Sorghum Cost-Return budgets, KSU, UNL – Localized costs and market prices used for each location

7 Sorghum and Corn Yields

8 Economic Comparison

9 Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 100% Corn yields where Economic Tipping point = 132 bu/a

10 Economic Comparison Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 93% 100% Corn yields where Economic Tipping Point = bu/a

11 Gains made by corn breeding Price Ratio = 100%, Years: Corn yields (bu/a) where Economic Tipping point = Benefit to corn breeding for drought tolerance

12 Opportunities for Sorghum Corn Yield (bu/a)

13 NC Coastal Plains CategorySorghumCornCotton Yield (bu/acre) Price per bu Seed Total Revenue Seed Fertilizer & Lime Herbicides Insect, Growth, & Desic Machine, Drying, Hauling Crop Ins Labor % Total Return over Costs

14 NC Corn Yields (NASS and NCSU)

15 Coastal Plains Sorghum Testing Sites

16 Chromatin Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance HybridS.C. D.C.S.C. EarlyN.C.Va. Tech% of Avg.N NK KS K 73-J NK SP NK NK KS KS Location Mean

17 Chromatin Hybrids for Coastal Plains Hybrid Maturity Days to Mid Bloom Height Grain Color Standability Drought Tolerance Emergence Leaf Disease Resist NK 7829M-F71-75Med-TallBronze232Ex K73-J6M-F71-75Med-TallBronze222Ex NK 6638M68-72MedBronze232EX SP 6929M-F70-74Med-TallBronze232Ex NK 5418M65-69Med-ShortBronze232EX KS 585M65-60MedBronze331Ex Full SeasonDouble Crop (include NK 6638) Keys to Successful Hybrids in this environment Med to Med-Full maturity to capture long growing season Excellent leaf disease resistance (MDMV, anthracnose, and Downey Mildew) Excellent emergence as no-till and strip till are used One or two hybrids with double crop potential For detailed hybrid information visit

18 Sorghum in Poultry Feeding – United Sorghum Checkoff

19 Chromatin Hybrid Compositional Data Hybrid- Location Crude Fat Crude Fiber ADFProteinStarchAshDigest Energy Metab Energy % DM Mcal/lb GS9001-CA GS9001-TX GS9002-CA GS9002-TX GS9010-SD GS9010-TX GS9013-SD GS9013-TX

20 Feeding Sorghum Guides (